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For most of the time, the only loss is the small amount absorbed by the atmosphere, which isn't significant. There is somewhat more loss temporarily, when the RF signal goes through rain. The major cause of the apparent loss in signal strength at great distances is the fact that the transmitted signal spreads as it covers more distance. So the farther you are from the source with an antenna of a certain fixed size, the less power your antenna collects, because the power is spread thinner.

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