Yes
Cold (almost freezing) water applied to lava can slow the flow and eventually cause it to solidify.
When water meets a lava 'block', the lava is converted into an obsidian block. If water meets 'flowing' lava then the lava is turned into cobblestone.
after you beat chimchar in the lava zone he will come to fight
There does not seem to be any lava anywhere on Counterfeit Island. (see related question)
you beat the whole levels
This is probably the easiest thing to create in doodle god. Go get your head checked. love obama
Right click a bucket on water and you have a bucked filled with water. Right click a bucket on lava and you have a bucked filled with lava.
From thickest to thinnest: lava, tar, honey, then water.
Yes. Lava will cool in water, though it might not be instantaneous.
If they were not killed when the lava was molten, yes. Of course once the lava is solid they can grow ON the lava. However until the lava rock has begun to decompose into soil it is usually hard for the plants to get enough water. Either the lava rock is impervious to water and it all runs off or the lava rock is so porous that water all drains away through it.
Lava flows from the rifts and is cooled quickly by sea water
Lava can cool rapidly in water, forming structures called pillow lavas. The rate of cooling can be influenced by the temperature of the water and the size of the lava flow, but generally, lava can cool in minutes to hours when in contact with water.