No, the earth's atmosphere reflects and absorbs x-rays, so they do not make it to the surface.
Yes.
Yes only rockets go through here after it is outer space that is why it is called the exosphere because your exiting earths atmosphere.
All forms of electromagnetic radiation travel through vacuums. No transmission medium is required. Some forms of EMR -- visible light, for example -- cannot pass through solid objects, however.
The air becomes less dense, the higher you go. And generally, the temperature gets colder until you reach the thermosphere, which is the hottest part of Earths atmosphere.
As you go higher in the atmosphere the gases start to compose or join together which causes them to change since there is mixture of more than one gas. Sometimes they form a different element when certain gases form.
the density and temperature of the layers. The farther you go up, the less dense each layer is.
No, it won't. Air is pulled in atmosphere by earth's gravity.
A carbon atom from Earth's atmosphere can go next into living organisms through photosynthesis, into the ocean through absorption, or into the soil through decomposition.
its faster to enter Earths atmosphere because our gravitational pull pulls anything in , and this is why rockets have to have a lot of power to go out of the atmosphere because the gravitational pull keeps us on its surface.
Most of the heat from the Earth's surface is able to pass through the atmosphere. However, certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide and water vapor, can trap some of this heat through a process called the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon helps regulate Earth's temperature and keep it habitable.
Well one way it can return to the atmosphere is it can evaporate and go up. Another way is that it can turn to runoff, water that cannot soak into the ground and instead flows across Earths surface.
The moon will go orange/red during a lunar eclipse, as the earths atmosphere distores the light from the sun.