A: Lethal Dose
A: Lethal Dose
Partial pressure of oxygen of 1.6 will cause toxicity. If using standard air (roughly 20% O2) this equates to a pressure of 8 bar which is present at 70m. In terms of the percentage of O2 which causes toxicity, it depends on the depth but a partial pressure of 1.6 bar is the toxicity threshold
hemochromatosis
•Tubes shoved down throat into stomach •Hitting/kicking when they are not "cooperating" •Isolation causes them to go crazy •Young are violently taken away from mothers
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is caused by divers exposing themselves to elevated partial pressures of oxygen for long periods of time, and is primarily a concern for technical divers who decompress on oxygen. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity causes a burning sensation in the trachea, coughing, shortness of breath, and eventually lung failure.
AD
Many people use animals for testing products such as toothepaste or makeup. They want to test them on animals because then they can find out if it causes irritations or if it is a good product to sell. They sometimes also use animals for testing drugs and fluids.
It is one kind of bone disease caused due to cadmium toxicity.
No one has a moral right to bring suffering on any creature especially for the sake of making money. The testing causes the animals pain, the reason for which escapes the animal because of their lack of intelligence. That does NOT make them increasingly tolerant to pain.
Not necessarily. Simply put, a low TI indicates that the dose that causes a beneficial effect is "close" to the dose that causes unacceptable toxicity or lethality. A drug with a large or wide TI means that the dose that causes the beneficial effect is far lower than the dose that causes toxicity or lethality. If a drug has a TI of 2, then the drug dose that causes toxicity is twice that which causes the benefit. So a mistake of taking 2 pills instead of 1 can be disastrous. If a drug has a therapeutic index of 13, then the dose expected to cause toxicity is 13x that which causes the toxic effects, and is pretty safe. To compare effectiveness of a drug, you have to compare drug efficacy and TI. For a large TI drug, sometimes you just need to increase the dose. In the example above where TI=13, you could increase the dose 6 0r 7 times and you may not see an increase in toxic effects.
An indifference to animal life.
No. It could be due to a number of causes, including: Genetic disorders, environmental factors, Immune System abnormalities. You will need to discuss it with your Primary Care Physician and be referred to Specialists for Diagnostic testing.