Generally, depending on where you are on the continent, this period occurs between February and October.
During the winter months when there is no sunrise.
Like all locations in the southern hemisphere, winter is the period you reference, which begins on June 21.
Rigel is in the constellation of Orion the hunter, it is visible from Earth during the period of Northern Winter - at night.
Antarctica
By night, one must assume that you mean during sun-less periods. At the South Pole, the sun-less period is about six months and the temperature during that period averages between minus 65 and minus 75 degrees F. Elsewhere on the continent, the sun-less periods vary as does the temperature, which is always extremely cold.
'Night' occurs by clock time for time during every 24-hour period. 'No sunlight' occurs when there are no sunrises. Below the Antarctic circle, every location experiences at least one 24-hour period with no sun rise, or no sun set, depending on the season.
Yes. It occurs every year in Antarctica. Antarctica experiences months of continuous daylight, and then months of continuous night.
Norway, specifically the Svalbard archipelago, experiences 6 months of continuous daylight during summer and 6 months of continuous darkness during winter due to its proximity to the North Pole and its location within the Arctic Circle.
During summer, the days are long and the nights are short. During winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
The amount of hours that happen at night during the Winter can vary greatly by location on Earth. For instance, near the North Pole, it can be dark the entire winter.
The full moon rises earlier/sets later and remains above the horizon for a longer period of time in the winter than the full moon during the summer.
There are many species of cockroach that have a dormant period during the winter. When the temperature at night drops below freezing, most cockroaches go dormant and will die after a week.