During the 11th century, the Holy Roman Emperor was Henry IV of Germany. He had an ongoing power struggle with the Pope, Gregory VII. As punishment for his defiance, Henry was twice excommunicated from the Church.
Henry IV was excommunicated. This was not very effective in the short run, but eventually gave his son and other people the excuse they needed to defy him openly.
Henry IV became Holy Roman Emperor in 1070 A.D., and Hildebrand became Pope Gregory VII in 1073 A.D., he forbade lay investiture in 1075 A.D.. A synod at Worms attempted to depose the Pope in 1076 A.D. and the Pope excommunicated Henry and the Bishops later that same year. In 1077 A.D., Henry said he was sorry and submitted to ecclesiastical penance.
A:At different times, the pope had different levels of temporal power. If he was able to raise an army, he could fight and depose the ruler seeking to defy him. Or he could call on allies for the same purpose. Mere individuals who defied the pope could be arrested and tried on some charge, to dispose of the problem. The more ruthless popes would simply have their opponents murdered, without any pretence of justice. At other times, the pope would simply excommunicate his opponent, which sometimes brought the opponent into line, sometimes not.When the papacy only had weak temporal powers, he would do the bidding of the Holy Roman Emperor or other dominant ruler at the time. During these periods, it was not so much a case of any ruler defying the pope, but of any ruler willing to defy the dominant ruler in Europe at the time.
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (not the Roman people).
This was the investiture controversy. The pope wanted to stop the emperor ordaining (investing) clergymen to high positions in the German church because he thought that only the pope, as a prelate had the right to do this. The emperor was opposed to this.
Famously, Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Roman People on December 25, 800 by Pope Leo III. After that the subsequent emperors of the Carolingian and Holy Roman Empires were generally, but not all, crowned by the pope. When a person was elected emperor, he was not called the emperor, but King of Germany until the pope crowned him, but sometimes this took years to happen.
Henry lV violated the pope's orders.
Henry lV violated the pope's orders.
Emperor Henry VI was excommunicated by Pope Celestine III.
. Emperor Henry IV
Henry was excommunicated on February 22, 1076.
Pope Gregory VII, and Henry IV
Henry IV became Holy Roman Emperor in 1070 A.D., and Hildebrand became Pope Gregory VII in 1073 A.D., he forbade lay investiture in 1075 A.D.. A synod at Worms attempted to depose the Pope in 1076 A.D. and the Pope excommunicated Henry and the Bishops later that same year. In 1077 A.D., Henry said he was sorry and submitted to ecclesiastical penance.
The Roman emperor had to answer to the pope.
What were Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV in disagreement about
Roman Catholic AnswerThe issue was lay investiture, where the Emperor was filling the vacant sees of Bishops. Pope Gregory VII removed this power, when Henry refused to go along with him, Pope Gregory excommunicated him and all the bishops that he appointed it. However, Henry immediately submitted so the Holy Father had to reinstate him and give him penance.
There were several reasons why the Pope refused Henry VIII the divorce from Catherine of Aragon. First was because they had a dispensation from the previous Pope saying that it was fine for them to get married, even though she had been married to his brother before. The second was because shortly before Henry asked the Pope for the divorce The Holy Roman Emperor Charles sacked Rome and had the Pope captive. Charles was the nephew of Catherine-so the Pope was not about to make Charles mad by giving Henry the divorce.
the pope and the emperor disagreed on who controlled a certain part of Rome, so the pope eventually banished the emperor from the church.