The verb "to run" turns into the past tense form or "ran".
"Said" is not an example of past tense; it is the past participle of the verb "say." In past tense, it would be "said."
The past tense of "has" is "had." For example, "He has a car" changes to "He had a car."
Yes, "have" is the past tense of "have." For example, "I have a book" (present tense) becomes "I had a book" (past tense).
The past tense of "my" is "was." For example, "My friend was here yesterday."
The past tense of "shed" is "shed" (for example, "She shed her old clothes") and the past tense of "burst" is "burst" (for example, "The balloon burst during the party").
The past tense of get is got. For isn't a verb and so doesn't have a past tense. The past tense of has is had. Had is already the past tense. The past tense of have is had.
Yes, "could" is the past tense of "can." For example, "I can swim" changes to "I could swim" in the past tense.
The past tense of "did" is "had." For example: "I did my homework yesterday" becomes "I had done my homework yesterday."
Yes, "You were speaking" is an example of the past progressive tense, which indicates an ongoing action that was happening in the past. The present progressive tense would be "You are speaking."
The past tense of "tell" is "told." For example, "He told me a story yesterday."
The past tense of hops is "hopped." For example, "The rabbit hopped over the fence."
The past tense of "meet" is "met." For example: "I met my friend for lunch yesterday."