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All tissues in the human body, including skin, have the ability to conduct electricity. Indeed, this is how nerves function to relay information from one part of the body to another. The skin also has electrical activity, which is in constant, slight variation, and can be measured and charted. The skin's electrical conductivity fluctuates based on certain bodily conditions, and this fluctuation is called the galvanic skin response.

Sudden changes in emotion, such as fright, can trigger this response, as can other types of changes, such as the hot flashes that are characteristic of menopause. The galvanic skin response can be graphed on a chart for observation, in the same way that heart or brain activity is recorded. Even though this is the case, it is impossible to detect the type of emotion or physical change that elicited the reaction by simply looking at the graph.

The devices which measure this response are often referred to as feedback instruments, in part because of how this response is generated or detected. If this response is measured "actively," then a gentle electric current is passed through the body of the test subject to measure conductivity. A passive test measures the current that is generated by the person's body itself. The feedback from this is what constitutes the measured galvanic skin response.

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