Units of Measure

A standard 55-gallon drum has a maximum theoretical buoyancy of approximately 459 lbs (208 kg) when fully submerged in freshwater.

However, in practical applications like building a floating dock or raft, the usable buoyancy is significantly lower to ensure stability and safety.

1. Theoretical vs. Usable Buoyancy

While the total displacement is fixed by the drum's volume, how much weight it can actually support depends on your safety goals:

Theoretical Maximum (100% Submersion): ~459 lbs (208 kg). At this weight, the drum is entirely underwater and provides no additional lift to keep a structure above the surface.

Recommended Working Load (50–75% Submersion): 230–345 lbs (104–156 kg). For a stable floating structure, it is standard practice to use only a portion of the drum's total buoyancy. This prevents the "raft" from sitting too low or tipping easily.

2. Key Calculation Factors

The exact lift a drum provides is calculated based on the weight of the water it displaces minus its own weight:

Displaced Water Weight: 55 gallons

8.34 lbs/gal = 458.7 lbs.

Drum Weight (Dead Weight):

Plastic Drums: ~23–25 lbs (10–11 kg).

Steel Drums: ~40–60 lbs (18–27 kg).

Net Buoyancy (Submerged): Subtract the drum's weight from the displaced water weight. For a plastic drum, this leaves about 434–436 lbs of net lift.

3. Environmental Variations

Freshwater vs. Saltwater: Saltwater is denser (

64.3 lb/ft

) than freshwater (

62.4 lb/ft

), providing roughly 5% more lift (approx. 480 lbs total buoyancy).

Temperature: Water density decreases as it warms. While negligible for DIY projects, a drum in boiling water would have about 4% less buoyancy than one in near-freezing water.

Wikipedia

Wikipedia

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4. Summary Table

Submersion Level Freshwater Lift (lbs) Freshwater Lift (kg)

100% (Maximum) ~459 lbs ~208 kg

75% (Standard) ~344 lbs ~156 kg

50% (High Stability) ~230 lbs ~104 kg

✅ Answer

A 55-gallon drum provides a maximum buoyant force of approximately 459 lbs (208 kg) in freshwater, though for practical use, it is typically rated for 230–345 lbs to maintain stability and a safe waterline.

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