The federal reserve notes that are currently in circulation are:
$1
$2
$5
$10
$20
$50
$100
Previous denominations of federal reserve notes that are still legal tender (but do not circulate as they haven't been made since the 1940s and are now worth more than face value to collectors)
$500
$1000
$5000
$10000
And a $100,000 bill was printed although it wasn't a federal reserve note (it was instead a gold certificate) and never circulated among the public (instead it was for transactions between banks)
Absolutely. The Federal Reserve controls the amount of federal reserve notes in circulation. The more notes in circulation the less each of them is worth, the less notes in circulation the more each note is worth. For example, today $10 can buy you a meal at a sit-down restaurant. If the Federal Reserve made more dollar bills, that $10 might only buy a sandwich at a fast food chain that today costs $1. If the Federal Reserve actively took out notes and didn't replace them, that $10 might buy 2 meals at a sit-down restaurant.
According to the Federal Reserve website (see related link below) there was approximately $1.15 trillion in circulation as of November 14, 2012, of which $1.11 trillion was in Federal Reserve notes.
Nothing tangible. Federal Reserve Notes in the United States are fiat money, backed by the people's faith in the issuing Federal Reserve bank.
All current circulation bills are Federal Reserve Notes so depending on the dates you're interested in you can simply look in your wallet. Older dates of Federal Reserve Notes (before 1999 depending on denomination) and all silver certificates are pretty much out of circulation though, so you'd need to look on eBay, go to a coin and currency show, or visit a dealer.
Priceless. The first Federal Reserve Notes were printed in 1914.
currency notes
Simon cowell
It is either Federal Reserve notes or U.S. Treasury deposits/other deposits
Essentially none. The last United States Notes were $100 bills printed in the late 1960s, after which all US paper money has been printed as Federal Reserve Notes. Any US Notes in circulation at that time either wore out eventually, or were removed by collectors due to their distinctive appearance.
U.S. Notes have red seals. Federal Reserve Notes have green seals. See the related question for U.S. Notes.
If you look closely at the bill you'll see that it says United States Note instead of Federal Reserve Note. U.S. Notes were a kind of parallel currency issued directly by the government instead of through the Federal Reserve System. They used similar designs except that they didn't have a Federal Reserve seal, and were distinguished by having red serial numbers. By the 1960s U.S. notes only made up a tiny portion of all bills in circulation. They were completely equivalent to and interchangeable with Federal Reserve Notes, so to save money production was ended in the late 1960s. Since then all US paper money has been issued as green-seal Federal Reserve Notes.
Yes the federal Reserve, created in 1913, prints all US currency and coins. Every US dollar in circulation is printed as federal reserve notes which can be seen at the top of every US dollar. The US Treasury is obligated to print money at the demand of the Federal Reserve. When the government needs money, it gives US Treasury bonds to the Federal Reserve and in return, the federal reserve sells the government federal reserve notes with interest. How does the federal Reserve get these Federal Reserve notes? The US Treasury prints them out for the Federal Reserve electronically. These US Treasury bonds are than sold to very wealthy individuals and privant banks.According to the US code-section 411," Federal reserve notes, to be issued at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the purpose ofmaking advances to Federal reserve banks through the Federal reserve agents as hereinafter set forth and for no other purpose,are authorized. The said notes shall be obligations of the United States and shall be receivable by all national and member banks and Federal reserve banks and for all taxes, customs, and other publicdues. They shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank." (http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/uscode/12/3/XII/411)