Aufbau
Hund's Rule
p-block
Representative Elements
There are five d orbitals, known as dz2, dxy, dxz, dyz , and dx2-y2. The special properties of transition metals are because of the d-orbitals.
The lanthanides are elements 57-71 and are inserted after barium (Ba) on the periodic table. The actinides are elements 89-103 and are inserted after radium (Ra) on the periodic table. The reason they are there is because of the filling of electron orbitals in the atoms of the elements. There are four known orbitals, the s, p, d, and f orbitals. The lanthanide and actinide blocks are the result of electrons being inserted into the f orbitals.
The principle quantum number has the symbol n. It tells which energy level an electron is in. The values include one and beyond. The lower the number, the closer the energy level is to the atom's nucleus. Multiple electrons can be in the same energy level. Also, n2 is the total number of orbitals that can exist within an energy level n. For example, level 1 has 1 orbital (s=1). Level 2 has 4 orbitals (s=1 + p=3). Level 3 has 9 orbitals (s=1 + p=3 + d=5). Level 4 has 16 orbitals (s=1 + p=3 + d=5 + f=7). Each letter, s, p, d, and f stands for a type of sublevel that contains a certain number of orbitals.
p-block
Representative Elements
In s.p.d.f. notation, the first number is the main energy level (quantum shell), also known as n. In this case, n = 4, hence this is the 4th energy level we are talking about.The letter in the middle is the orbital in that energy level. There are s-orbitals, p-orbitals, d-orbitals and f-orbitals. Here we are talking about the p-orbitals of the 4th main energy level (i.e. the dumbbell shaped orbitals).The final number of the notation is the number of electrons occupying that orbital of that energy level. All s-orbitals can only hold up to 2 electrons, p-orbitals can hold up to 6 electrons, d-orbitals up to 10, and so on. The 3 in "4p3" is hence referring to the 3 electrons in the p-orbital of the 4th energy level.I hope that helps! :)
In s.p.d.f. notation, the first number is the main energy level (quantum shell), also known as n. In this case, n = 4, hence this is the 4th energy level we are talking about.The letter in the middle is the orbital in that energy level. There are s-orbitals, p-orbitals, d-orbitals and f-orbitals. Here we are talking about the p-orbitals of the 4th main energy level (i.e. the dumbbell shaped orbitals).The final number of the notation is the number of electrons occupying that orbital of that energy level. All s-orbitals can only hold up to 2 electrons, p-orbitals can hold up to 6 electrons, d-orbitals up to 10, and so on. The 3 in "4p3" is hence referring to the 3 electrons in the p-orbital of the 4th energy level.I hope that helps! :)
There are five d orbitals, known as dz2, dxy, dxz, dyz , and dx2-y2. The special properties of transition metals are because of the d-orbitals.
also known as the diagonal rule device. Chemist use the principle and angular momentum quantum numbers to compare to the relative energy of the orbitals.
Elements across a series have the same number of atomic energy levels. An elemental series is better known as a period.
There are five d orbitals, known as dz2, dxy, dxz, dyz , and dx2-y2. The special properties of transition metals are because of the d-orbitals.
overlapping that occurs along the orbital axis of 2 atomic orbitals is known as linear overlapping and these orbitals are called sigma atomic orbitals therefore these bonds are known as sigma bonds
The answer would be an electrons position cannot be known precisely.
This depends on the structure of carbon. In the metastable diamond structure, carbon is an insulator. In a stable graphite structure carbon is known as a 'zero band gap' conductor meaning it will conduct electrons with a small input of energy. A carbon nanotube is one of the best known conductors of electricity because of overlapping 'p orbitals'. Tin is a better conductor of electrons compared to carbon ( generally, unless you are talking about carbon nanotubes). This is due to the band theory of solids. The low energy orbitals of carbon do not 'split' and overlap at large distances. The higher energy orbitals of tin do 'split' and overlap at larger distances allowing for electronic conduction.
The electrons are arranged in the 'Electron Shells' that are like the planets path in the solar system, but they have more 'planets' if you will. These shells revolve around the nueclus (i presume you know what that is). The first shell (labled K) have two electrons, The next (L) has 8, then (M) has 18, (N) has 32, (O) has 50, and last known (P) has 72. And there is no pattern and no known Q shell. And although each shell may have these many, if they're the outter and last shell they can only have 8 in them, so they will have to lose ore gain more to become stable.