The Mariner 9.
destiny
mars
The first Mars space probe expeditions that did not land on Mars were the Mariner missions, specifically Mariner 4, Mariner 6, and Mariner 7. These missions provided the first close-up images of Mars and valuable data about the planet's environment.
Eros is an asteroid that crosses Mars' orbit. It was the first asteroid to be landed on by human probe.
The first successful Mars probe, Mars 1, was launched from the USSR on November 1, 1962. The most recent probe, India's Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), was launched on November 5, 2013, and reached Martian orbit on September 24, 2014.
Generally, a satellite orbits the Earth, while a space probe is sent to gather information beyond Earth orbit. However, probe can orbit the Earth (and therefore technically be a satellite) or go into orbit around another body (the Moon, Mars, etc.) and therefore also technically become a satellite of that body.
The Russian space probe Mars 2 went to space in the year of 1973.
The NASA space probe Pathfinder landed on Mars in July 1997.
The first Mars space probe expedition that did not land on Mars by the US was Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964. It provided the first close-up images of another planet as it conducted a flyby of Mars on July 14, 1965, sending back 21 photos.
Valles Marineris, after the Nasa Mariner space probe that first imaged this huge scar on Mars
curiosity
Mariner 9 was a NASA space probe that became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet when it entered orbit around Mars in 1971. It mapped 85% of the Martian surface, providing valuable data and images that revolutionized our understanding of the planet.