Galileo Galilei, when he trained his new telescope on the sky.
Galileo was the first person to observe the four largest moons of Jupiter, now known as the Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), using a telescope in 1610. The moons of Uranus were discovered by Sir William Herschel in 1787, long after Galileo's observations.
Yes, it is possible to see Jupiter's four largest moons, known as the Galilean moons, with just a pair of binoculars or even with the naked eye. These moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
In Roman myths and legends, Ganymede was one of the many lovers of the chief god Jupiter. On first observing the four largest moons of Jupiter, Galileo gave the name Ganymede to the largest of them. (There are actually dozens of moons of Jupiter, but Galileo's telescope was only big enough to see the largest four.)
Jupiter's largest four moons, called the Galilean satellites because Galileo was the first person to see them, are Europa, Io, Callisto and Ganymede.
Jupiter. The "Galilean" moons are the four largest moons, which are so large that Galileo was able to see them orbiting Jupiter even with his relatively modest telescope.
You can basically see them for the same reasons that you see Jupiter itself and our Moon, namely because they reflect light towards us. As they are much smaller than Jupiter, they reflect less light so it is more difficult to see them. You can see Jupiter with the naked eye, but with a good telescope you can also see its moons, spread out in a line around it.
Galileo looked at the planet Jupiter and observed its 4 largest moons (which are still known as the Galilean moons, to this day).
The big one for the Earth, of course, which everybody sees. But Galileo was the first known person to see the four "galilean" moons of Jupiter; Europa, Callisto, Ganymede and Io. There are another 60 or so moons of Jupiter, but they are all much smaller; far too small to be seen in Galileo's early telescope!
If you could stand on Jupiter on any possible way (its atmosphere is dense and thousands of miles thick), you could only see the moons when they're in your line of sight and the Sun should shine on them. The outermost small moons would be practically invisible from the planet.
He was the first to see Jupiter's four largest moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io.These four are now called the Galilean moons in his honor.
With a telescope
Please see related question for a complete listing of Jupiter's 40+ moons.