Gas, Solids, Liquids
The speed of sound depends only on the material it's traveling through, not on the source of the sound. In general, the speed is higher in more-dense media, like steel, water, and rock, then it is in less-dense media, like air.
Outerspace has no sound. This is because outerspace is essentially devoid of matter, and matter is required for sound. Sound is a physical phenomenon of a travelling pressure wave, and in space there is essentially no gas or media to transmit a wave.
Sound and vibration are transmitted by matter. So a vacuum will transmit neither.
Sound waves
No. It does not transmit the sound waves.
Solid
yes
longitudinal
No
A cell 'phone does not transmit sound. It transmits electromagnetic radiation. Sound is converted to and from an electromagnetic signal by the microphone and speaker.
The eardrum.