Gitchie Manitou State Park Sioux Quarzite
The bottom layer of rock in a geologic sequence is usually called the basement layer.
The geologic column is the result of the core sample showing layers of artifacts and material. Since some of these can be carbon dated, a relative time period can be established.
The oldest rocks (layers) are at the bottom. The youngestrocks (layers) are at the top
The law of superposition states that the oldest strata in an undisturbed formation of rock are the oldest.
Coelophysis
When rock layers are eroded or when a sediment is not deposited for a long period of time.
Gypsum is a mineral that was formed by layers of sediment , fine particles, that were deposited over a period of time, and then subjected to geologic forces.
Most geologic periods are named for the location where rock formations were first found that contained fossils from that period, some others (e.g. Carboniferous) were named for materials associated with the fossils.
This is called absolute, isotopic, or radiometric dating.
The Sea Scorpion (Eurypterus remipes).
index fossils
Geologic column is an ordered arrangement of rock layers that is based on the relative age of the rocks. Geologic time is the time IN the geologic column.