to let the gas get to the burner
It is used to ignite a Bunsen Burner.
Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen Burner in 1867.
The blue flame of the Bunsen burner is when it is hottest. The yellow flame is the safety flame. you should always start the burner on the safety flame which is produced when the holes on its base are closed.
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The base of a Bunsen burner allows it to remain stable while standing.
The Bunsen burner is an instrument, with flame, used for heating in laboratories.
The Bunsen burner is used for heating samples in laboratories.
to let the gas get to the burner
See this link.
Shape the flame.
The base. Usually, the base of a bunsen burner is covered in an insulator material, so you have somewhere to pick it up without burning your fingers :)
the air valve at the base of the burner
This device regulates the air intake in the Bunsen burner.
To store gas.
Control of the ratio gas fuel/air in the burner.
The function that covers the air hole in a Bunsen burner is the collar.