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There are several factors that determine how much damage will be done by a bullet. Some of the major factors are:
1- Mass of the bullet
2- Velocity of the bullet at impact
3- Shape/Design of the bullet (ball--vs--hollow point--vs dum dum--vs--air space)
4- Rifling characteristic of the weapon
The injuries that can be produced are:
1- Blunt force trauma
2- Penetration of flesh & bone
3- Transecting blood vessels
4- Burns
5- Infections
The force that a projectile impacts with is found in this equation (Force=Mass x Velocity). So a fast, light bullet can hit with the same force as a heavier, slower bullet. There are many designs for bullets that can greatly increase the damage it does to flesh when it hits. Hollow points are well-known and easily available. They typically expand to a greater diameter and cause more damage. Even if wearing adequate protection in the form of a bullet proof vest, the blunt force trauma of a gun shot can still cause severe injury and bruising. If an underlying artery were crushed, internal bleeding would result. Without giving too much detail, there are bullet designs that will easily penetrate bullet proof vests.
Russian 7.62 x 39mm bullets were designed with an air space near the tip (under the copper jacket--as per the Hague Convention) but above the lead core. When these bullets hit flesh, the lead deforms asymmetrically and the bullet tumbles causing excessive damage. Similarly, the M-16 rifle has very tight rifling (1:7) which imparts a very fast spin on the small .223 caliber bullet. When these bullets hit flesh, the spin causes the bullet to tumble (and often fragment). Soldiers tell stories of an enemy combatant shot in the knee with an M-16, and the bullet exited the top of his head.
Modern bullets tend to be fairly sterile due to the heat used to propel them. However, even if a person survives the initial injury, bits of clothing can be dragged into the wound, along with dirt, etc... and cause deep infections of organs, bones & body cavities that are difficult to treat. If a bullet hits the abdomen, it will likely transect some part of the alimentary canal (your intestines). Basically feces (poop) will infect the wound and the surrounding tissues.
With respect to bullets less than .50 caliber: a gunshot wound that affects BOTH hemispheres of the brain, or hits a major/central artery (including the heart) are generally considered fatal. Despite what you see in movies & on TV, a person shot in the head or heart doesn't necessarily die (stop moving) immediately. Its not like a light switch: On/Off. Its more like 40 or 50 light switches being flipped off over a few minutes. A head shot pretty much stops almost all voluntary movements, but breathing & heart beat can continue for quite a while. A shot to the heart doesn't always immediately incapacitate; a person with such an injury may have time to squeeze off a few more well-aimed shots.
Even shots to an arm or a leg can eventually kill, typically from blood loss, shock and longer term, infection. Even if one survives such an injury, it can have life-long consequences. If the underlying bone is shattered, amputation is the best medical treatment.
All in all, it would be best to avoid being shot altogether.
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∙ 9y ago
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