Vesicles.
Holes in a rock that result from rapid cooling are called vesicles. These form when gas bubbles trapped in molten rock solidify before they can escape, leaving behind cavities in the rock as it cools and hardens.
Rapid cooling of lava with tiny crystals forming results in a fine-grained texture, like that of basalt. This texture is characterized by small mineral grains that are difficult to see with the naked eye.
The hot can in cold water experiment results in the can collapsing due to the rapid cooling of the air inside, creating a vacuum that crushes the can.
The mafic rock that is full of holes and made of dense materials is basalt. Basalt is formed from lava that has rapid cooling, which traps gas bubbles inside the rock.
Extremely rapid cooling of lava results in the formation of volcanic glass, where no crystals have time to form due to the quick cooling process. This volcanic glass is also known as obsidian and has a smooth, shiny appearance.
Basalt crystals are typically small to microscopic in size due to the rapid cooling of lava, which results in limited time for crystal growth. This rapid cooling process usually prevents the development of large crystals in basalts.
Slow cooling typically produces bigger crystals because it allows more time for the atoms or molecules to arrange themselves into an orderly structure. In contrast, rapid cooling leads to the formation of smaller crystals or even amorphous solids, as there is insufficient time for the orderly arrangement to occur. Thus, slower cooling generally results in larger, more well-defined crystals.
Obsidian is an igneous rock that forms from the rapid cooling of lava when it comes into contact with water or air, preventing the formation of crystals. As such, it forms outside the Earth, specifically at the surface or very near to it, after volcanic eruptions. This rapid cooling results in its glassy texture and appearance.
The sound that results from the rapid expansion of air along a lightning strike is called thunder. Thunder is caused by the heating and rapid expansion of air around the lightning bolt, creating shock waves that we hear as a loud rumbling noise.
rapid cooling
no . they come from rapid cooling lava
The rock is said to be extrusive or possess an aphanitic texture, as a result of relatively rapid cooling.