VLAN: How are packets distributed with respect to the different classifications?
Hubs segregate packets because hubs are used as switches. Through a VLAN, hubs, when used as switches, can easily segregate incoming and outgoing traffic.
traffic that assigned native vlan
The native VLAN is untagged. If the VLAN 99 traffic to the router is untagged (as it would be, because that is native on the switches), the router cannot interpret the data because there is no VLAN information in the header as expected. In turn, the router tags all VLAN 99 traffic outbound, and leaves VLAN 1 data untagged, so the switches are unable to correctly interpret either. VLAN traffic to the other VLANs should not be affected by the assignment of the native VLAN.
Management traffic and native VLAN traffic are always transmitted as untagged frames. Management traffic is used for device configuration and monitoring, while native VLAN traffic is traffic that is not associated with any specific VLAN and is transmitted untagged within a VLAN network.
A Port VLAN ID (pvid) is a default VLAN ID that is assigned to an access port to designate the virtual LAN segment to which this port is connected. The pvid places the port into the set of ports that are connected under the designated VLAN ID. Also, if a trunk port has not been configured with any VLAN memberships, the virtual switch's Port VLAN ID (pvid) becomes the default VLAN ID for the ports connection.
The distinct type of VLAN used by an administrator to access and configure a switch is called the "Management VLAN." This VLAN is specifically designated for management traffic, allowing administrators to connect to the switch for configuration purposes. Typically, it is assigned a specific VLAN ID and is separate from user data traffic to enhance security and manageability.
The frames are assigned to the native VLAN.
VLANs provide the capability so virtually segregate traffic on a network. VLANs work by tagging traffic packets and ensuring that packets with separate VLAN IDs are only available at ports which have been configured for that VLAN ID.
QnQ stands for "QinQ" which is a method for providing Virtual LAN (VLAN) isolation on an Ethernet network. It involves tagging packets with multiple VLAN tags to create a hierarchical structure. This allows service providers to extend VLANs across their network infrastructure.
Traditional inter-VLAN routing involves using a router to enable communication between different VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks). Each VLAN is assigned its own subnet, and the router interfaces with each VLAN through sub-interfaces or physical interfaces. This method allows for the separation of broadcast domains while facilitating inter-VLAN traffic, enhancing network performance and security. Typically, this approach requires a router or a Layer 3 switch to manage the routing process.
... an access port, which carries traffic only to and from the specific VLAN assigned to it. Contrast with 'trunk port' See http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/trunk
If a switch receives a frame (a piece of data) from a certain port, it will identify that as belonging to a certain VLAN, because each port is assigned a certain port.In a trunk link, additional data is added to each frame (frame tagging), to identify to which VLAN each frame belongs.