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They used an abacus calculating device to solve complicated arithmetic problems.
The purpose of the abacus is to provide a way of doing arithmetic without using written numerals.
An early counting tool used for basic arithmetic.
An early counting tool used for basic arithmetic.
Welton Joseph Crook has written: 'Abacus arithmetic' -- subject(s): Abacus
The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes
abacus
Abacus- a frame that holds rods with beads attached and was used for arithmetic
A book on arithmetic called Liber Abaci, or Book of Abacus.
A counting frame is commonly referred to as an abacus. It is a calculation tool used for performing arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
An abacus (or soroban in Japan)
The earliest recorded calculating device is the abacus. Used as a simple computing device for performing arithmetic, the abacus most likely appeared first in Babylonia (now Iraq) over 5000 years ago.