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Fractional distillation
Crude oil is separated into different chemical compounds through a process called fractional distillation. This process involves heating the crude oil to high temperatures, then cooling it in a fractionating column. The different compounds in crude oil have different boiling points, allowing them to be separated based on their molecular size and weight.
Compounds (molecules consisting of two or more different chemical elements) can only b separated by chemical reactions.
In fractional distillation, a group of compounds with different boiling points are separated based on their different boiling points. As the mixture is heated, the compounds vaporize at different temperatures and are collected in separate fractions according to their boiling points. This allows for the isolation of individual compounds from a complex mixture.
physical
Compounds can be decomposed by chemical reactions.
Not necessarily. Mixtures can consist of different compounds in different states (e.g., a mixture of water and oil) or the same compounds in different states (e.g., a mixture of ice and liquid water). The key characteristic of mixtures is that they can be physically separated.
- A mixture contain two or more compounds.- A mixture can be separated by physical procedures.
Mixtures have widely variable contents, whereas compounds have fixed contents. In mixtures, each component retains its characteristics, but compounds may act wildly different from their component parts. Attempting to break down compounds requires vast amounts of energy, yet mixtures can be separated rather simply.
Compounds are formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together. They have a fixed ratio of atoms and cannot be separated by physical means. Compounds exhibit unique and distinct properties from their component elements.
Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.
Compounds can be separated into their constituent elements only by a decomposition reaction.