Usually laptop chargers aren't as expensive, but the way you state it, there might be internal damage to the wire. This may cause problems to be created to the computer and can pose a serious threat to your life. My advice, get a new charger, it's worth it more than a risk.
A typical laptop charger draws less than 1A at 240V, so a 1A fuse should be fine. The power draw for a charger will be written on the charger itself, of course; you'll see something like "Input: 100 - 240 VAC, 1.2 - 0.6A". In this case, the two numbers at the right go together, so at 100V the charger uses 1.2A, at 240V it uses 0.6A.
If your laptop battery fails or no longer holds a sufficient charge, you can easily replace it. But as long as it is working fine then you don't need to replace it.
Samsung Series 7 NP700Z7C-S01US 17.3-Inch Laptop is the best Samsung laptop so far. It costs for about $1,500 and you can buy it in any stores so it is not difficult to find.
Use DC to AC converter for car power outlet and then plug in your AC charger to the converter. I am use this method since 2 years, working fine but faced some problems like once burning car power outlet and weaken the car battery.
It's time to take it to a apple store and talk to a person who works there.
Yes, a normal charger will work just fine.
No a laptop will work fine without the battery provided you have it connected to the mains via the mains adapter. If the laptop is working, you problems connecting to the Ethernet (Internet) are being caused by some other problem.
do you mean the alternator or a mains charger any cheap mains charger should do fine if that's what you meant
Any 12 volt battery charger will work just fine.
No, in fact if the laptop's battery is working fine it is best to NOT keep it always plugged in as doing that has the potential of wearing out the battery more quickly than if you don't keep it plugged in all of the time.
It depends on which can kind of memory. The hard drive most likely is fine. The RAM have had more chances to burn but you can try it (you will have to install it in a working laptop and run full test).
10w-30 will work fine.