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The firing of enamel products is a very important part of the enamel process. During the firing process, the various firing technical parameters and operating points that the operators of the enamel factory must strictly follow, and strictly follow the reasonable process production and implementation, is conducive to improving the enamel production. product quality. So how to judge the time and firing effect of enamel products?
The firing temperature of enamel products is set with a furnace temperature gauge, and the firing time is controlled by a stopwatch. After the firing, relevant instruments and equipment are used to detect the gloss or adhesion strength of enamel products to judge the firing quality of enamel products.
If it is fired in a batch muffle furnace, it can generally be judged by visual inspection. Put the dry powder blank into the furnace, under the contrast of the bright red furnace wall, the powder blank shows a dark color, and when the temperature rises, it will turn into a light and color similar to the furnace wall, indicating that the temperature of the blank at this time is the same as the furnace wall. The temperature is close, but the internal temperature of the iron billet may not have reached it, and it will take a while to be fired. As for how long it takes to burn, it depends on the experience of the operator, which is related to the wall thickness and material of the enamel billet.
If it is a continuous firing furnace, it is adjusted by setting the furnace temperature table and the linear speed of the transmission chain (or the speed of the driving wheel), and the temperature and speed are the product's adhesion, porcelain surface gloss and smoothness by the on-site technical supervisor. The casting adjustment is determined after multiple inspections such as the degree and so on.
What else can I help you with?
What are the causes and solutions of the enamel orange peel defect?
The orange peel-like irregular wrinkles on the surface of the porcelain enamel layer are called orange peel wrinkles (orange peel wrinkles). Orange peel wrinkles are a kind of defects on the enamel surface, which directly affect the appearance quality of enamel products. Smooth and smooth, no defects such as pores, de-porcelain, line spots and so on. There are many reasons for orange peel wrinkles, generally enamel frit or enamel slurry. If your product has orange peel wrinkles, it can be analyzed from the following reasons: The enamel frit used has high surface tension and high viscosity; The enamel frit slurry is stored for too long, and the coarse grains sink; The enamel slurry particles are too coarse and the enamel is too thick; The temperature of the enamel firing furnace is too high; Uneven dissolution during firing; Excessive air pressure during enamel spraying. When encountering orange peel wrinkles, it should be noted that the enamel slurry should not be stored for too long and the furnace temperature for firing the enamel cover coat should not be too high. If it is daily enamel, pay attention to the lower surface tension in the choice of cover coat.
What should enamel factories pay attention to when purchasing enamel frit?
Enamel frit has a great influence on the quality of enamel products, including acid resistance, alkali resistance, gloss, impact resistance and other physical and chemical properties of enamel finished products. Therefore, enamel manufacturers should pay special attention to the following three points when purchasing enamel frit: Compare the properties of the enamel. Different products have different quality requirements for enamel frit. First of all, according to the characteristics of their own products, understand the properties of enamel frit. For example, for enamel ground coat, consider whether the thickness of the ground coat is conducive to the discharge of gas; Whether the firing temperature of the ground coat is appropriate, and whether it can reduce the generation of gas during firing; the enamel cover coat should consider the opacity and have a good surface covering power; the surface tension and viscosity of the cover coat can ensure the formation of Smooth and smooth porcelain surface...and other properties such as acid and alkali resistance. Are there any mature formulas and technical solutions? The determination process of the enamel formula is very complicated. A set of mature formula needs to continuously carry out batching, melting, ball milling, and enamel tests, measure the performance test of each enamel, and continuously adjust the test, so as to finally achieve the target performance requirements. Therefore, if the enamel manufacturer chooses the enamel frit, the supplier can have the corresponding mature formula, on the one hand, it can ensure the qualified rate of the product and reduce the occurrence of defects, on the other hand, it also reduces the cost of the enamel manufacturer and reduces the process. Sample test. When purchasing enamel frit, the enamel factory fully communicates with the supplier in advance. If there is a favorite product, you can ask the other party to send a sample, and then place an order after passing the test, which can effectively avoid some unnecessary after-sales links and save costs.
Should an enamel factory pay attention to three points when purchasing enamel frit?
Enamel frit has a great influence on the quality of enamel products, including acid resistance, alkali resistance, gloss, impact resistance and other physical and chemical properties of enamel finished products. Therefore, enamel manufacturers should pay special attention to the following three points when purchasing enamel frit: Compare the properties of the enamel. Different products have different quality requirements for enamel frit. First of all, according to the characteristics of their own products, understand the properties of enamel frit. For example, for enamel ground coat, consider whether the thickness of the ground coat is conducive to the discharge of gas; Whether the firing temperature of the ground coat is appropriate, and whether it can reduce the generation of gas during firing; the enamel cover coat should consider the opacity and have a good surface covering power; the surface tension and viscosity of the cover coat can ensure the formation of Smooth and smooth porcelain surface...and other properties such as acid and alkali resistance. Are there any mature formulas and technical solutions? The determination process of the enamel formula is very complicated. A set of mature formula needs to continuously carry out batching, melting, ball milling, and enamel tests, measure the performance test of each enamel, and continuously adjust the test, so as to finally achieve the target performance requirements. Therefore, if the enamel manufacturer chooses the enamel frit, the supplier can have the corresponding mature formula, on the one hand, it can ensure the qualified rate of the product and reduce the occurrence of defects, on the other hand, it also reduces the cost of the enamel manufacturer and reduces the process. Sample test. When purchasing enamel frit, the enamel factory fully communicates with the supplier in advance. If there is a favorite product, you can ask the other party to send a sample, and then place an order after passing the test, which can effectively avoid some unnecessary after-sales links and save costs.
How to Improve Salt Spray Resistance for Cast Iron Enamel?
For cast iron enamel, especially the enamel grill of the gas stove or enamel grid or baking pan in the barbecue oven, because it is in contact with food, it will inevitably be corroded by salty liquid, coupled with the characteristics of cast iron enamel, so for this kind of products Salt spray performance is very important. At present, the standards for salt spray test in the enamel industry are different. Generally, it is required to pass the salt spray test for 48 hours without rust, followed by 72 hours. Internationally, enterprises have higher requirements for salt spray test standards. In fact, 72-hour salt spray resistance is already a relatively high standard, and many companies can't meet it or can only barely meet it. So how to improve the salt spray resistance of cast iron enamel? Selection of enamel frit Enamel frits play a vital role in the salt spray resistance of enamel products. Some excellent enamel suppliers in China have developed salt-spray-resistant enamel products suitable for enamel hobs or ovens, such as direct-on black salt-spray-resistant enamel. This kind of enamel has strict requirements on the melting process to ensure Enamel products can maintain good exhaust performance during the firing process, allowing the gas generated by the cast iron to be exhausted as much as possible, thereby reducing pinholes and air bubbles in the porcelain layer, and making it difficult for the salt spray in the salt spray test to erode the surface of the cast iron. Metal pretreatment Castings must be carefully polished and strictly inspected to confirm that the castings entering the production line have no white spots, no burrs, and sand holes on the surface. Sand blasted 2 times. If the surface roughness is too low, the adhesion of the finished product is poor, and the surface of the casting will be uneven if the roughness is high. The porcelain layer in the high place is thin and easy to be eroded by salt spray, and the porcelain layer in the low place is thick, which is not conducive to the gas flow during firing. Emission also has an adverse effect on the results of the salt spray test. The pretreated enamel castings should be fired as soon as possible to avoid moisture and dirt. Enamelling If cast iron enamelled products take a long time to enamel, this process may cause rust spots before drying. Therefore, it is best for enamel manufacturers to properly add anti-rust agents when grinding the enamel slurry, arrange the enamelling process reasonably to make the time closer, and dry thoroughly. Four, firing The firing time and temperature are subject to the glossiness of the product meeting the requirements. When firing, it is necessary to ensure that the product will not be warped and deformed, so as to avoid cracking of the porcelain layer and affect the salt spray performance.
Is there a spray on enamel for a bathtub?
Yes there are several varieties of spray on enamel. Most spray on products can be found at any hardware store or purchased online.
What is a low-temperature enamel coating?
For enamel manufacturers, temperature control has always been a key factor affecting product quality and production costs. Recently, Nolifrit launched a low-temperature, one-coat enamel coating designed specifically for porcelain enamel stove grates, successfully breaking the limitations of traditional high-temperature firing and bringing new production solutions to porcelain enamel manufacturers. This low-temperature enamel coating can be fired at 800℃, significantly reducing energy consumption and production costs compared to traditional high-temperature firing processes. At the same time, it can achieve a porcelain surface gloss of about 100, making the surface of the enamel stove grill smoother, more beautiful, and highly decorative and practical. More importantly, low-temperature firing does not compromise performance. On the contrary, this enamel coating maintains excellent gloss while demonstrating outstanding durability and corrosion resistance. It can maintain stable performance in the face of daily wear and high-temperature environments, ensuring the service life and safety of the enamel stove grill. For enamel product factories, the launch of this low-temperature enamel coating is undoubtedly a major benefit. Compared to traditional high-temperature enamel coating, low-temperature enamel coating reduces furnace energy consumption and reduces energy consumption during production, thus reducing production costs. Especially for new entrants to the enamel industry, the firing process of low-temperature enamel coating is simpler, reducing production processes. Furthermore, due to the low heat resistance requirements of low-temperature enamel coating for furnaces, enamel product factories do not need to invest heavily in high-performance furnaces, reducing equipment investment costs.
What Should I Do If Enamel Surface Is Boiling Or Grit Appears After Ground Coat Is Fired?
Enamel boiling refers to the accumulation of bubbles, pinholes, black spots, focal points, etc. on the surface of the cover coat layer due to excessive boiling of the ground coat layer during the firing of the ground coat, and the porcelain surface presents a boiling state of obvious loss of light. , usually caused by 5 reasons. The ground coat is too thick and the temperature of the firing furnace is too high. The enamel should not be too thick, and the furnace temperature for firing needs to be adjusted and controlled; Excessive amount of electrolyte added (for "electrolyte", please refer to the article "Application of Sodium Nitrite in Enamel"); The ground coat is not fully melted, and the ground coat should be fully melted; Air leakage from the firing kiln, high humidity or reducing atmosphere. Enamel manufacturers need to overhaul the kiln in time to maintain an oxidizing atmosphere in the kiln; Due to the temperature in summer, the temperature when grinding the ground coat is too high. When grinding the enamel slurry in summer, it can be cooled with water. To prevent boiling, potassium chlorate can be added to a small amount of general organic matter. Particle defects on the enamel surface, as the name suggests, are rough particles that can be seen on the enamel surface after the ground coat is fired. You can refer to the following 3 reasons: After grinding, if the sieving is not completely cleaned, or there are broken balls mixed in, the enamel slurry must be sieved strictly; During the aging or storage process of the enamel slurry, garbage sand is mixed in, and the enamel slurry must be kept clean; Enamel manufacturers need to overhaul the firing furnace due to slag loss from the firing kiln.
What is the color matching in ball milling of enamel frit?
Enamel color matching is a technical work that needs to be done by professional technicians with the help of colorimeters. It not only needs to master the relevant knowledge of enamel pigment, enamel frit and enamel firing process, but also establishes a database of color and chromaticity values of various pigments in the basic enamel. To adjust the color of enamel, first determine which basic enamel to use according to the lightness value of the color sample, and then search and select the pigment with a similar chromaticity value in the database built according to the chromaticity value of the color sample. After repeated trial matching, proofing, comparison and adjustment, the final enamel slurry ratio, enamelling, firing, porcelain layer thickness and other related process parameters are recorded in detail as a basis for guiding production operations. The variety of enamel pigments is quite limited, and most enamel colors are formulated from two or more enamel pigments. Enamel production factories and enamel manufacturers can purchase or customize colors from enamel pigment suppliers according to their own needs. Common colors include light pink, golden yellow, lemon yellow, sky blue, fruit green, dark gray, etc.
What are the advantages of a gas enamel firing furnace?
Gas radiant tube enamel firing furnace gas burns liquefied petroleum gas, etc. At present, the gas fuel of gas enamel firing furnace on the market is mainly natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. The main components of the fuel are methane, propane, butane, and also contain a small amount of ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc.; as long as the fuel is fully burned, the gas enamel firing furnace will have little pollution to the environment, and the waste heat can be recycled. Higher, easy to realize automatic control. Due to the relatively sufficient supply of gas fuel, relatively low energy prices, high calorific value, and relatively low comprehensive cost of energy consumption, gas-fired enamel furnaces are widely used by major enamel manufacturers. As a clean energy source, gaseous fuel has been widely used in various industries. Gas enamel firing furnace, as an enamel firing furnace powered by gas fuel, has many advantages: ①Energy saving and low energy consumption. Due to the sufficient supply of gas fuel energy, high calorific value of fuel and low unit price, the overall energy cost of gas enamel firing furnace is relatively low. ② High utilization rate of heat energy. The gas is completely burned, and the tail gas produced has a lot of heat. As long as the waste heat of the tail gas is used well, the heat energy can be fully utilized, and the utilization rate of heat energy can be maximized. ③ The temperature in the furnace is uniform. As long as the burners can be arranged reasonably, the uniformity of the furnace temperature can be fully guaranteed. ④ Little pollution. As long as the fuel is fully combusted, the environmental pollution is small. Because the electric power of the gas enamel firing furnace is small, it will not have an impact on the transformer current; but the gas fuel is prone to insufficient combustion due to insufficient oxygen supply or gas leakage due to various reasons. Therefore, the gas enamel firing furnace puts forward high requirements for the safety control of the equipment.
What is the role of enamel edge coating?
Enamel edge coating is a type of ceramic glaze applied to the edges of enamel products. Depending on its purpose and color, edge coating can be classified into base edge coating, white edge coating, colored edge coating, and more. This article will detail the functions of enamel edge coating and the considerations for enamel manufacturers when procuring the appropriate edge coating. 1.Functions of Enamel Edge Coating Preventing Edge Defects The edges of enamel products experience concentrated stress, making them prone to defects. Enamel edge coating has a suitable expansion coefficient that can effectively accommodate the stress of the casting, reducing the occurrence of edge defects. Adapting to Firing Variations During the firing and cooling processes, the heat absorption and dissipation of the edges differ from other parts of the casting. Ordinary base and surface glazes may struggle to adapt to these variations, leading to defects. Enamel edge coating has a specialized formula that meets the demands of the firing process, preventing defects. Enhancing Product Quality Enamel edge coating can fill in defects at the edges of castings, making the surface smoother and more aesthetically pleasing. Additionally, the color and texture of the edge coating can match the surface glaze, providing a cohesive visual effect for the entire product. How Enamel Manufacturers Can Procure Suitable Enamel Edge Coating For enamel manufacturers, procuring the right enamel edge coating is crucial. On one hand, it is essential to ensure the edge coating is of reliable quality and meets the product's usage requirements. On the other hand, manufacturers need to select the appropriate type and color of edge coating based on the specific conditions of the product and the production process. This requires manufacturers to focus not only on the performance indicators of the edge coating during procurement but also to communicate thoroughly with suppliers to ensure that the chosen edge coating aligns with their production processes.
How To Solve Enamel Chipping-Off And Fish-Scale？?
Enamel chipping-off and fish-scale are common defects of enamel products, which refer to the internal and external stress on the porcelain surface after the enamel products are fired. If the enamel finished product is de-ceramic, you can start to analyze it from the following reasons. (1) De-Porcelain: The enamel falls off Cause Analysis: Devitrification due to severe cracks; 2. The ground coat is too thin on the sides, handles, feet, and bottom, and the firing temperature is high; 3. The cover coat is too thick and the firing is insufficient. Solution: Appropriately increase the curvature radius of the side, handle, foot and bottom; 2. Adjust the bulk density of the enamel slurry to avoid local coating too thin or too thick. (2) Fish scale: The porcelain surface is scaly and loses the porcelain (some appear after firing, and some appear in a week or more) Reason analysis: 1. The content of C.S.P.Si in the thin steel plate is high; 2. The acid concentration is high, and the pickling time is long; 3. The clay is of poor quality and there are many impurities; 4. The furnace temperature is high, and the ground coat is partially scorched. Solution: 1. Choose a high-quality steel plate suitable for enamel; 2. The acid concentration should not be too high. The pickling time should be appropriate; 3. Choose high-quality clay; 4. Use hard and soft mixed primer. Grind and add about 10% calcined quartz, and the ground coat firing furnace temperature should not be too high to avoid local scorching.
Are there any products that you can brush on your teeth to protect the enamel all day?
Try using Colgate Sensitive Enamel Protect toothpaste to protect the enamel on your teeth. Also you can drink lots of water after eating acidic foods to wash the acid off your teeth.
