They undergo a process of sublimation and bypass the liquid phase. And example is CO2.
The phase, whether solid, liquid, or gas, of any substance depends upon two factors, temperature and pressure. There is a temperature and pressure at which any solid will melt and become a liquid. The great majority of solids can be melted by heating them at normal air pressure, but not all solids. Frozen carbon dioxide, for example (also known as dry ice) goes directly from the solid phase to the gas phase at normal air pressure, without ever being a liquid, as it is heated. However, with a higher pressure it can be made into a liquid.
Sublimation. The opposite is called deposition.
None, all are solids. Cesium and Francium are very close to being liquid at room temperature.
As a general rule, chemical reactions can be identified by a number of signs, including precipitation (solids floating in the liquid), effervenscance (bubbling and fizzing), heat being given off or a colour change.
Solid, liquid and gas will expand on heating. One exception is water that expands on being heated, and on being frozen into solid ice.
Sublimation can be important during the recovery of compounds that are suspended or dissolved in a fluid or a solid such as dry ice. Sublimation is the transition of a substance from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
Dry ice changes from a solid to a gas state without being a liquid.
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Matter being liquid or solid has nothing to do with density. These are states of matter. Ice floats on water.
Sublimation
Yes, bromine can undergo sublimation. At room temperature, bromine is a liquid, but if the temperature is increased above its boiling point of 58.8°C, bromine can directly change from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
No, insulators and conductors can be found in various states of matter. While many are solids (such as metals being conductors and plastics being insulators), there are also liquid and gaseous substances that can exhibit insulating or conducting properties.