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If the thermal energy is higher, then the particles in the object move faster and want to get away from each other because it is so hot, thus, its a gas.

If the thermal energy is lower, then the particles in the object move slower and form a solid shape, like they are huddling together, thus, its a solid.

If the thermal energy is right in between the two above, then it is a liquid.

A great example is H2O, it is the base measurement of density, when its thermal energy rises, it turns into water vapor, if its thermal energy lowers, it turns to ice.

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Q: How are changes in thermal energy and state of matter realted?
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