Many luxurious pens, such as fountain pens, have engravings on their outer shells. How are they made? What are the manufacturing methods? Hand-engraving, laser engraving, or CNC machining?
Beryllium has one outer electron shell with two electrons.
they add or loose electrons from the outer most shells
protons
Inner electron shells are closer to the atomic nucleus and have lower energy levels compared to outer electron shells. Outer electron shells are farther from the nucleus and have higher energy levels, making them more involved in chemical reactions and bonding with other atoms.
No. The inner shells are filled first.
The table was organized so that elements of similar properties are in the same group. What (partly) determines reactivity is the number of electrons an atom has in it's ground state. . Within the atom electrons are organized in shells. Atoms are stable when they have 8 electrons in their outer shell (for hydrogen and helium it is 2 electrons.) . Elements of: Group 18 have 8 electrons in their outer shells Group 17 have 7 electrons in their outer shells Group 16 have 6 electrons in their outer shells Group 15 have 5 electrons in their outer shells Group 14 have 4 electrons in their outer shells Group 13 have 3 electrons in their outer shells Groups 3-12 have varied number of electrons in their outer shells Group 2 have 2 electrons in their outer shells Group 1 have 1 electron in their outer shells
1
Group 0
Noble gases are not active because of their outer shells. The outer shells of these gases are full of 8 valence electrons, which make them stable and inert.
Darmstadtium has seven electron shells around the nucleus.
gourds
Californium has seven electron shells ; the outer shell has two electrons.