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How are facial reconstructions made using a skull what are the limitations of these reconstructions?
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How facial reconstructions made using a skull?
Clay
How facial reconstructions are made using a skull?
There are 2 techniques for facial reconstruction (more often referred to as "facial approximation"): 2D and 3D. In the 3D method, the artist sculpts over a replica of the skull, either by using a 3D micron scanner, or with traditional casting materials. Tissue depth markers are attached to the replica for the thickness of the muscles, skin and fat. These are not absolute thicknesses; they are only guidelines as usually the weight of the person is not known. The artist will then use soft oil-based clay to sculpt the features and flesh onto the replica, taking into account the facial structure, age, etc, of the unidentified. In the 2D method, photographs of the skull with the tissue depth markers attached are taken, and the artist will use transparent vellum and a light table to draw over the skull image. This method is used when the skull is too fragile to be replicated using casting materials. The artist should NEVER sculpt over the actual skull, as it could be easily damaged this way. Also, the artist needs to have the real skull next to them as a reference when sculpting. The reason why these are now called "approximations" is because forensic artists can only give approximation of what a person looked like. The term reconstruction implies that the person's actual face is being replicated, and the science community simply doesn't have enough information to be able to determine this.
How do you look like Cleopatra?
No one can actually look like Cleopatra because we don't know for certain what she looked like. From the facial reconstructions that have been made using coins and statues thought to be her, you wouldn't want to look like her anyhow.
Has anyone rebuilt Cleopatra's face using her skeleton?
No, Cleopatra's skeleton has never been found, so it is not possible to reconstruct her face based on it. Cleopatra’s physical appearance remains unknown, and any depictions of her are based on descriptions from historical records.
Can you give me a sentence using facial?
She underwent a facial at the spa to rejuvenate her skin and relax.
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