This depends upon the particular frequency of the microwaves. Your microwave oven uses microwaves that are tuned to the exact resonance frequency of the water molecule, therefore they are absorbed by water and cause it to get hotter. Other frequencies would tend to pass through water. Similarly, microwaves normally pass through both air and glass, although there are some frequencies that would be absorbed by glass. Air is transparent to all frequencies of microwaves.
No, microwaves cannot travel through a vacuum because they require a medium to propagate, like air or glass. A vacuum has no particles for the microwaves to interact with and therefore cannot transmit them.
The temperature of water will eventually equilibrate with the surrounding temperature (of course it can also be affected by ice, or absorbing sunlight). Heat conduction to a glass or to water will be higher than to air, so it may feel cooler than the surrounding air.
The air has moisture (water dissolved in the air). The amount of air that can be carried in the air depends on the temperature. Warmer air can hold more water in it than cold air. When the cold glass is exposed to the air, the air touching the glass gets cold, is no longer able to hold as much water and the water in the air condenses (comes out of solution) on to the outside of the glass.
Yes. The cool glass causes water vapor in the air to condense.
The air gets trapped, and if the glass is brought deep enough under the water the air will be pressurised and will take up less space.
When light waves travel from air to glass, the variables that are affected include the speed of light (slows down in glass compared to air), the angle of refraction (changes as light enters the glass at an angle), and the wavelength of the light (may change due to the different medium).
To measure the air in a glass full of stones, you can first fill the glass with water. Then, carefully submerge the glass into a larger container of water, making sure no air escapes. The volume of water displaced by the glass will indicate the total volume of the glass, including the volume of air in between the stones. By subtracting the volume of water from the total volume of the glass, you can determine the volume of air present.
When you dip a glass upside down in a pail filled with water, the air trapped inside the glass creates an air pocket at the top of the glass, preventing water from entering. This is because the pressure of the air inside the glass is greater than the pressure of the water outside. The glass will remain filled with air and no water will enter.
The cold water reduces the temperature of the glass. The cold glass reduces the temperature of the air around the glass. The amount of moisture in air is temperature dependant hotter air can contain a higher moisture content. If the air temperature is reduced the water condenses. In this case the cold glass reduces the air temperature in contact with the glass, this results in the condenstion of moisture from the air, and water droplets are formed.
There is water in the form of water vapor, sort of like steam, in the air. But, the amount of water the air can hold depends on the temperature of the air. The hotter it is the more water it can hold. But, when the air touches the side of a cold drink glass the temperature at that place drops dramatically and the air can't hold nearly as much water as it has been, so the water comes out of the air (condenses) onto the glass.
People,animals and plants are affected by air pollution
Condensation of water vapour in the atmosphere into water droplets on the surface. The surrounding air contains water vapour. When the air touches the glass it becomes cooler and can no longer contain so much water, so it condenses out onto the glass.