This depends upon the particular frequency of the microwaves. Your microwave oven uses microwaves that are tuned to the exact resonance frequency of the water molecule, therefore they are absorbed by water and cause it to get hotter. Other frequencies would tend to pass through water. Similarly, microwaves normally pass through both air and glass, although there are some frequencies that would be absorbed by glass. Air is transparent to all frequencies of microwaves.
light in a vacuum
The temperature of water will eventually equilibrate with the surrounding temperature (of course it can also be affected by ice, or absorbing sunlight). Heat conduction to a glass or to water will be higher than to air, so it may feel cooler than the surrounding air.
Yes. The cool glass causes water vapor in the air to condense.
The air has moisture (water dissolved in the air). The amount of air that can be carried in the air depends on the temperature. Warmer air can hold more water in it than cold air. When the cold glass is exposed to the air, the air touching the glass gets cold, is no longer able to hold as much water and the water in the air condenses (comes out of solution) on to the outside of the glass.
People,animals and plants are affected by air pollution
you get the northern lights
The cold water reduces the temperature of the glass. The cold glass reduces the temperature of the air around the glass. The amount of moisture in air is temperature dependant hotter air can contain a higher moisture content. If the air temperature is reduced the water condenses. In this case the cold glass reduces the air temperature in contact with the glass, this results in the condenstion of moisture from the air, and water droplets are formed.
Gets refracted more in case of glass than water as glass has higher refractive index with respect to air
The water that forms on the outside of a glass of [ice] water is called condensation. It occurs because the surface of the glass is colder than the air surrounding the glass, which causes the water vapor in the air to cool and condense into a liquid on the outside of the glass.
The glass is not actually "sweating." What you are seeing is condensation of water molecules from the air onto the glass's surface. Because the water in the glass has less energy than the water in the air (it's cooler), energy from the water molecules in the warmer air is given up to warm the cooler water in the glass. This loss of energy results in the air water molecules' inability to break the number of hydrogen bonds between themselves necessary to remain in the gas phase and ultimately the condensation of water onto the outside of the glass surface.
Water is a liquid for starters... & The definition of a liquid is "A matter that has a definite volume but NO definite shape." Therefore it's shape can move around.
Light is affected by the media that it travels through. Even air will bend light. Glass and water certainly bend light.