on a small scale in the lab there are many different ways. Most scientists have to do a search in existing litrature to find a way of making nanoparticles similar to what they want and then conduct systamatic experiments from there to see how changing paramaters will change the size and shape of the particles, with the goal of developing their own synthesis.
Two common reactions you will hear of to make nanoparticles are the Stober reaction, which uses tetraethylortho silicate, ammonium hydroxide, water and differing alcohols to make silica particles, these particles are used to make artificial opals, which in turn are used to study properties of light and its interaction of matter.
Another common one is the Lee and Miesel method of making silver or gold nanoparticles, this makes use of a metal salt and a solution of sodium citrate to reduce the salt to pure metal.
Nanoparticles can be found in various products and industries, including cosmetics, food packaging, electronics, and medicine. They can also be manufactured in laboratories for specific applications.
Some swimsuits are made with nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide or silver nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles can provide UV protection, while silver nanoparticles may help inhibit bacterial growth and odor.
Nanoparticles are put into mascara\'s to reduce clumping. Nanoparticles are made out of the soot from a candle flame.
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Green French clay does not contain nanoparticles. French clay is naturally occurring and does not undergo processes that would create nanoparticles. It is typically in the form of fine powder and does not contain engineered nanoparticles.
Michael Faraday is generally considered to be the first person to conduct scientific research on nanoparticles.
Silver nanoparticles are antibacterial, and when embedded in plastics for use in the medical field, are non-toxic. This makes silver nanoparticles useful in plastic applications such as surgical catheters.
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Some people are concerned about nanoparticles because of potential health and environmental risks. Nanoparticles can be small enough to penetrate cells and tissues, potentially causing harmful effects. There are also concerns about the long-term impact of nanoparticles on the environment once they are released.
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We cant really see nanoparticles to tell if they have colours, some do depending on what they are made from, but more commonly we see nanoparticles as a suspension in water, ethanol or some other solvent. These solutions can give rise to some intense colours, this is due to raylaigh scattering that takes place from the nanoparticles. A phemonon called surface plasmon resonance also has a part to play in the colours that we see for colloidal nanoparticles.
Electrostatic forces repel the nanoparticles from each other due to their like charges, preventing them from aggregating. This repulsion helps maintain the stability and dispersion of the nanoparticles in a solution by keeping them evenly distributed and separate.