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When a page fault occurs, the hardware cannot do anything else with the instruction that caused the page fault and thus it must transfer control to an operating system routine (this is the page fault handler). The page fault handler must then decide how to handle the page fault. It can do one of two things:

- It can decide the virtual address is just simply not valid. In this case, Windows will report this error back by indicating an exception has occurred (typically STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION)

- It can decide the virtual address is valid. In this case, Windows will find an available physical page, place the correct data in that page, update the virtual-to-physical page translation mechanism and then tell the hardware to retry the operation. When the hardware retries the operation it will find the page translation and continue operations as if nothing had actually happened.

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Q: How are page faults handled?
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