by a rocket
Newton's third law explains how rockets are launched into space.
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Thousands if not millions. Not only are there space rockets, but also rockets used in research and war.
Surely at least thousands ARE launched everyday, if you include weapons and fireworks. But perhaps you are only interested in rockets that go into space.
Only 3 countries have launched a rocket and sent astronauts in to space. The United States, China, and Russia. Many other countries have sent astronauts in to space but they went on rockets belonging to other countries.
Yes, rockets are vehicles that can carry humans into space. Crewed spacecraft such as the SpaceX Crew Dragon and the Russian Soyuz spacecraft are launched into space atop rockets like the Falcon 9 and Soyuz rockets. Once in space, these spacecraft can dock with the International Space Station or travel to other destinations in space.
Korea is not launching rockets at the US. North Korea just launched a satellite on a rocket into space.
In United States, rockets are launch from Cape Canavral, Florida, at John F Kennedy Space Center.
The first successful rockets built to go into space were ICBMs: the Soviet Sputnik I & II were launched on military ICBMs, the US Mercury spacecraft were launched on military ICBMs (Redstone & Atlas), the US Gemini spacecraft were launched on military ICBMs (Titan II). IIRC, the Delta & Saturn rockets were the first successful rockets built to go into space that didn't begin as military ICBMs. Although most Deltas are launched from Vandenberg AFB. The European Arian was the first commercial rocket built to go into space.
The space shuttle is a reusable spacecraft that can launch like a rocket but can also land like an airplane. Rockets are typically one-time use vehicles that are not designed to return to Earth intact. Additionally, the space shuttle can carry astronauts and cargo to space, whereas rockets are mainly used for payload delivery.
India has launched approximately 74 satellite rockets.