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The cores are drilled from the ice itself - ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland.
You can see it!
Varves are glacial lake deposits, usually an annual sediment of thick pale sediment denoting summer deposition when some ice melted and left silt and sand to settle in a lake, and a thin, dark layer of clay for a winter deposit when little sediment entered the lake.
Glaciers and/or the Arctic/Antarctic ice caps.
to determent past climates
Studying tree rings, Dendrochronology is one way.Studying ice cores is another, in particular looking at the ratio of 16O to 18O. This ratio (in precipitated water) is sensitive to the ambient temperature.
pudding
to find out what the composition of the atmosphere was
Ice cores contain tiny bubbles that contain a sample of the atmosphere from that time period. By studying the ice bubbles, it is possible to reconstruct the composition of the atmosphere at that time and thus the climate.
Because the snow is very compressed in the polar regions
Ice Cores shows the layers of snow it tell about atmosphere... The Tree show it age in tree rings and shows dryness mostly about the weather...
Ice cores are very brittle due to the quick change in pressure.