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Viral transmitted from one host to another via horizontal transmission and vertical transmission.

Vertical transmission: transfer of virus from mother to fetus/baby. The virus able to cross the placenta and multiply in the fetus. one good example of vertical transmission is Rubella virus which results in death of fetus or congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS).

Horizontal transmission: transmission of virus between different individuals. This type transmission takes place during sexual activity, needle sharing, exchange of saliva by mouth, arthropod biting, inhalation of aerosol generated (talking, coughing, sneezing) by infected person and ingestion of contaminated food/water.

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