Stellar temperature can be measured by analysing the spectrum of light that stars emit; shorter wavelengths correspond to higher temperatures.
not enough info
How do they measure what?
An isotherm might have something to do with it--but it does not measure the angle of isolation. I guess that astronomers detect the angle of the earth from the sun and then measure the temperatures of the atmosphere. Just a guess though.
Stellar Parallax Astronomers estimate the distance of nearby objects in space by using a method called stellar parallax, or trigonometric parallax. Simply put, they measure a star's apparent movement against the background of more distant stars as Earth revolves around the sun.
The seven fundamental stellar spectral types are O, B, A, F, G, K and M. Also, what are their relationships to the stellar temperatures?
Parallax is the method that astronomers use to measure the distance from the sun to the earth.
Astronomers measure the temperature of stars by analyzing the light they emit. They use a method called spectroscopy to break down the light into its different wavelengths. By studying the intensity of different wavelengths, astronomers can determine the temperature of a star. This crucial aspect of stellar characteristics helps astronomers understand the life cycle and behavior of stars.
It is possible that someday astronomers will measure all the distances of the 100 billion galaxies in the universe.
Distance.
It is possible that astronomers will measure all the sizes of 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe.
Pressumably, they didn't have the high-precision devices required to measure those angles. You must consider that we are talking about extremely small angles - even the closest star has a parallax of less than one arc-second (1/3600 of a degree).
no the measure it in AU'S =ASTRONOMICAL UNITS