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The major difference between arthropod survival on land and water would be their gas exchange method. Terrestrial methods include the book lungs such as in Spiders and scorpions, or the tracheal gas delivery system through tubules connected to spiracles or openings in their exoskeletal segments, such as used by the insects. There are also some insects which are partly aquatic that "dive" below the water surface, and carry along with them air pockets from which they can use tracheal breathing.

By contrast, aquatic arthropods like many crustaceans will use gills, or sometimes book gills. If gills are kept moist, they can live on both land and water providing moisture is present, a strategy used by crabs for example, when on land. For the smallest aquatic arthropods there is no dedicated gas exchange system, since their surface area to volume ratio is such that they can absorb oxygen directly from the water through their entire body surface.

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12y ago

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