You petition the probate court. You may need an attorney to help.
You are entitled to no proceeds from the life policy if the beneficiary or contingent beneficiary is still alive.
The beneficiary of a life insurance policy is the person or entity designated by you when you apply for the policy and when it is issued by the insurer.
Probably Spouse first, then his Estate then the children.
An adult child is a natural beneficiary to an estate. If there is no will, and there is no spouse, they are likely to get the estate.
Yes. You can notify the court that the executor has died and request that you be appointed the successor.
A trustee is legally required to give the beneficiary a copy of the terms of trust if they request it.
That all depends on the provisions of the trust. You need to review the trust document to determine if there is a contingent beneficiary named who will receive the deceased beneficiary's portion. You should ask the trustee if you can have the trust reviewed by your own attorney.
There is no requirement for her to do so. As long as she is the executor, and presumably the beneficiary, it is her business, not his.
If the will is unsigned, the will is not considered valid. The laws of intestacy would apply.
Then you will receive whatever the life insurance policy states. These are two separate issues / documents and have nothing to do with each other.
If the girlfriend is still alive then she can change her beneficiary. If she died and didn't change her beneficiary then you may have a claim if her estate went to your father. You should speak to an attorney. You refer to a "policy holder" in your question as well as an "estate". If the subject is a life insurance policy and your father was the beneficiary but was deceased when the insured died then be aware that the girlfriend probably named a contingent beneficiary on her policy.
In case of demise of the life insurance policy holder, only the NOMINEE is the beneficiary to get the amount. In case nomination is not done, the legal heir of the deceased person can apply before the insurance authority for the death benefit.