Earnings management occurs when those making decisions select among the allowable alternatives of a particular generally accepted accounting standard the one that will result in earnings that meet the predetermined number.
accounting standards should be designed to provide the best possible information for economic decision making without regard to how that information may affect economic, political, or social behavior.
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In recent years, I've read earnings announcements from companies and I've come to doubt the transparency of even the veracity of what I've been reading. After digging into the financial statements, I've found what I consider some dubious earnings reporting. Financial analysts are increasingly concerned about earnings reporting and have reached certain conclusions.* The measure of quality is the degree to which earnings are generated from internally developed initiatives, as opposed to external forces.* If a company has increased earnings year over year from improved cost efficiencies or sales generated from a marketing campaign, that company has a high quality of earnings.* If a company's earnings are attributed to outside sources such increasing commodity prices, this is seen as low quality of earnings.* It has also come to mean the degree to which management's choices of accounting estimates can affect reported income.* Some analysts question whether some firms engage in "earnings management."
Any omission, misstatement or non disclosure of information that can adversely affect users decision or discharge management from its accountability.
An increase in liability will affect the credit side of the accounting equation.
The ISO 9000 certification standards are issued by the International Organization for Standardization The ISO 9000 certification standards is the family of standards set by ISO that relates to [QMS] or quality management systems. It mainly focuses on the deliverance and assurance the companies are able to meet the needs of their customers, clients and stake holders. It deals with the fundamental needs of management and principles which also affect the organizations' product and services.
Based on Financial and Cost Records. 2.Personal Bias. 3.Lack of Knowledge and Understanding of the Related Subjects. 4.Provides only Data. 5.Preference to Intuitive Decision Making. 6.Management Accounting is only a Tool. 7.Continuity and Participation. 8.Broad Based Scope.
Contingent liability can impact earnings because it is a projected and future liability. Not knowing what the outcome of the liability is, it can unexpectedly affect a large amount of earnings.
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It costs a great deal in accounting, finance and such, takes time and management. All called "cost of compliance".
They need accounting information to make a study and assess how accounting information affect business organisation.