The asteroid with the greater mass will possess a greater amount of kinetic energy when approaching Earth at the same speed.
No, an asteroid cannot destroy earth, but a large enough asteroid can have devastating effects on the life on Earth
The sun was blocked out by vast amounts of ash. This stopped plants from growing and led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
No, if the Earth was destroyed by an asteroid we would not be living today.
Yes, the asteroid belt starts properly after the orbit of Mars.
Yes, if the asteroid is captured by the Earth's gravitational pull.
Probably not. I haven't seen any news about an asteroid about to strike Earth.
Theory suggests that it is a remnant of a large asteroid that struck the Earth
No.
Technically, if it hits the Earth it's not an "asteroid", it's a "meteorite". And yes, meteorites hit the Earth all the time.
Which asteroid? depending on its size, an asteroid impact could be devastating for life on Earth, though life would recover somehow eventually.
An asteroid can indeed damage a planet when it strikes it. It is possible that an asteroid strike resulted in the dying off of the dinosaurs on Earth. There are certainly some large craters on Earth that are suggestive of asteroid strikes.