It depends what country you're in.
Most commonly, the Central Bank has the right tools (decreasing general interest rate towards national banks) to prevent the increase in interest rates.
If interest rate increases will inflution increase or decrease?"
Increase in principal + interest payment.
The interest rate will increase since there are fewer available
NEVER
it will increase the price of bonds
4%increase
the real interest rate equals nominal interest rate minus inflation rate. In the situation the inflation rate increase and the nominal interest rate remains unchanged, therefore the real interest rate must decrease.
Not usually. A "4 percent increase in the interest rate" usually means that there is some reference interest rate of x percent that is increased to 4 + x percent. This means that the interest paid increases from x percent of the principal to 4 + x percent of the principal. Therefore, the interest paid increases by 100 (4/x) %. For example, if a recent Federal funds rate of 1 % in the United States were to be increased by 4 %, the interest paid on any given amount of principal would increase by 400 %!
To understand why the interest rate spread is a leading indicator, one must interpret the interest rate as the price of money. A high interest rate means that obtaining money is costly. If interest rate spreads are great, this means investors are anticipating an increase in the price of money. The price of money will increase due to an increase in the quantity of money demanded (and an increase in demand). Investors see the economy recovering, and in the process of this recovery, they see an increase in demand for money (loans etc.) to buy new capital and purchase other nondurables. Therefore the price of money increases and thus the spread increases.
ahmm....the result is in your book!
decrease
Savings.taxes nd increase in interest rate