Using antibiotics when ineffective or unnecessary enables the mutation and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, since the bacteria will get small and/or a short duration of doses of the medicine, too short to kill the bacteria, but able to make them get used to the "poison" and no longer killed by it. That is why you are told by medical professionals that you should always take all antibiotics prescribed even when you start feeling better, because it takes the full amount of medicine to be sure the bacteria have been killed. You are also told not to skip doses for the same reason.
Do not pressure your physician to prescribe antibiotics for a cold. Antibiotics are not a direct treatment of viruses that cause colds and flu, they have no affect on any viruses. They are only prescribed with viral illness if there has been a secondary bacterial pneumonia or other bacterial infection develop.
If you take antibiotics when unnecessary, you also contribute to the production of more antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is coincidental when people say that they know that the antibiotics they took for a cold or flu virus made them feel better. It is a matter of time, not medicine. Often people do not seek physician exam until they have had a cold for 5-7 days...and then within 3 days of starting the antibiotics, they begin to feel better and attribute it to the antibiotics. But it is not due to the medicine, it is due to the time it took your body to rid the virus, which is in 7 to 10 days from the start of symptoms. Just wait for at least 10 days to give your body a chance to heal your virus before pressuring for unneeded antibiotics.
Antibiotics are not innocuous. They have toxicities and side effects. This means that antibiotics not only do no good in a viral infection, they can actually harm the patient. This is at odds with a fundamental precept of medicine: "First, do no harm."
Over subscribing antibiotics, bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing more issues
antibotics will no longer work because they killed off all your bodys natural minivirisus
genetic changes in plants, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and pesticide resistance in insects.
bacteria
Bacteria become resitant to antibiotics by evolution .
Bacterial resistances are developed due to mutations that are passed down from generations of bacteria. Antibiotics generally kill all but the strongest bacteria or bacteria that have resistances to these antibiotics, resulting in only these bacteria reproducing, passing on the antibiotic resistances to future generations. Over time, entire populations of bacteria can develop a resistance to an antibiotic if they are frequently exposed to it. Bacterial resistances are developed due to mutations that are passed down from generations of bacteria. Antibiotics generally kill all but the strongest bacteria or bacteria that have resistances to these antibiotics, resulting in only these bacteria reproducing, passing on the antibiotic resistances to future generations. Over time, entire populations of bacteria can develop a resistance to an antibiotic if they are frequently exposed to it. Bacterial resistances are developed due to mutations that are passed down from generations of bacteria. Antibiotics generally kill all but the strongest bacteria or bacteria that have resistances to these antibiotics, resulting in only these bacteria reproducing, passing on the antibiotic resistances to future generations. Over time, entire populations of bacteria can develop a resistance to an antibiotic if they are frequently exposed to it.
Extra chromosomal DNA - plasmids- are useful to bacteria as they possess favourable genes conferring resistance to certain toxins/antibiotics and/or assist with the survival of the bacteria through metabolic benefits. The extra chromosomal DNA is only maintained if it has a purpose so a plasmid conferring antibiotic resistance will not be maintained by a bacterium in an antibiotic free environment...
The trait giving bacteria antibiotic resistance has become common, giving bacteria with the trait a selective advantage.
A random mutation in one bacteria can result in this. think of a huge population of bacteria. billions of bacteria. and only 5 or so have the resistance by a random chance (random mutation). the antiobiotics will kill all of bacteria, except for the 5 with the resistance. Then, only those 5 will reproduce. since they reproduce asexually, this resistance will be passed on to all of the daughter. Then, all of sudden, there are a lot of bacteria around that are resistant to the antibiotic... it can also occur by conjugation, which is when a bacteria inserts its DNA into another bacteria. this can result in the second bacteria having the resistance too. this is a very basic description of the process.
They have resistance to the antibiotic.
The bacteria benefits.
If antibiotic resistance is added to the gene being cloned, antibiotics can be used to isolate the transformed bacteria (ones with the gene being cloned) by killing off all non-transformed bacteria, that don't have the antibiotic resistance. There is a chance that the non-transformed bacteria can mutate to develop antibiotic resistance.
genetic changes in plants, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and pesticide resistance in insects.
bacteria
Missense mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift insertion Frameshift deletion All may cause antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Resistant or resistance is when a bacteria has adapted to an antibiotic.
Unfortunately, in recent years, the treatment of endocarditis has become more complicated as a result of antibiotic resistance
the bacteria mutates , so the antibiotic no longer affects the bacteria , therefore making it resistance
Directional Selection