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Using an old style multimeter (or newer DVM that has a diode mode), check for conduction in ohms (or diode) mode between base and emitter. If the transistor conducts when the red lead in on the base, it is NPN, otherwise it is PNP.

This assumes that the meter's red lead is more positive than the black lead, a common convention.

You should also see conduction from base to collector in similar fashion, but no conduction in any of the other four connection possibilities. In fact, this is a quick go-nogo test for a BJT transistor. The technique can also be used to locate the base.

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