There is no one simple test, but the presence of atmospheric ablation, fusion crust and regmaglypts are characteristic as is the presence of iron in many (but not all) the specimens found. With the non iron bearing specimens, the presence of chondrules is uniquely indicative of the origin of the specimen.
On every rocky celestial body, a crater is used to define the damage left behind by a meteorite's impact with the ground of the celestial body. Thus, all the craters on Mars are from meteorites that have impacted with Mars's surface. Now you might wonder, "What is a meteorite?" A meteorite is any object in space (asteroid, comet, or meteorite) that has crashed into a celestial body that has a solid surface (i.e., moon, planet, etc...).
When a meteorite or a meteor strikes the surface of a celestial body, or it can be any body of mass that is moving fast enough.
meteorite
meteorite
A celestial body is any physical body beyond the earth's atmosphere.
No sun doesn't revolve to any celestial body, but the celestial body revolve around the sun.
The Space Station is no a celestial body. Celestial bodies are natural -- not man made.
The moonMoon is the closet celestial body.
satellite
A meteorite often has a mixture of isotopes that is quite different from that found on Earth.
No, a supernova is an explosion of a star. What left of a supernova are celestial bodies.
A Comet