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He would be in a strong position to threaten Washington D.C., and meanwhile would have asserted the viability of the Confederacy in the eyes of the British, who were close to offering support.
Because Washington, DC (the Union capital) and Richmond, Virginia (the Confederate capital) were relatively close together, the Washington Monument was used as an observation post to view Confederate Army activities and movements
As the first day of battle at Pittsburg Landing was coming to a close, the now in charge Confederate General Beauregard called off the attack. He had received an erroneous report that Federal reinforcements were too faraway to help US Grant's beleaguered troops. This was a fatal error by Beauregard. The reinforcements, under General Buell were close by and landed the evening of the first day of battle.
Cold Harbor
Major George B. McClellan received poor advice from his cavalry and from local citizens regarding the number of troops he would have to battle against at Sharpsburg, known better as the Battle of Antietam. McClellan believed that Stonewall Jackson commanded between 40 to 50,000 troops and were close to joining General Lee at Sharpsburg, who commanded 30,000 soldiers.McClellan's estimates were vastly off target. When the Battle of Antietam finally began on September 17, 1862, Lee's total number of troops were barely 39,000.
The Union army under McClellan out of action for many weeks. McClellan's enemies in Washington prepare for his sacking. Lee's credibility at its peak - Confederate morale rises, Britain comes close to aiding the South.
The battle was Bull Run (Manassas), and the Confederate commander was Joseph E. Johnston, who ceded some authority to P.G.T. Beauregard on account of the latter's close knowledge of the terrain.
It was too close to Washington dc for strategic comfort for both the union and confederacy during the civil war.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis addressed the Confederate Congress in December of 1863. Although the successful Union siege of Vicksburg and the loss at the Battle of Gettysburg had hurt Southern chances in the war, Davis pointed out that the Rebel victory at Chickamauga proved that the Confederacy war for independence was alive and still strong.
On July 19th 1864, the day after Confederate General John B. Hood received his promotion and command of the Army of Tennessee, Union General Sherman made push for Atlanta. The following day, General Hood attacked Union forces on the move. Union forces under the command of General Thomas were assaulted from the north, however, after what was called close and severe action Thomas beat back Hood's troops in what was called the Battle of Peachtree Creek. Following a surprise Confederate assault that caused the Union army to be "enveloped" on their left flank. This momentary advantage was repelled by the large number of Union troops. Hood's attempts at defending Atlanta were severely hampered by his lack of enough troops. This was the same situation Confederate General Johnston had to deal with before his replacement.
In 1777, Washington's troops had their winter quarters there. The main reason is because George Washington wanted to keep look out for the British army to know what they were up to and what they were going to do next. Valley Forge was close enough to Philadelphia to manage this.
The Confederate capitol was moved to Richmond, VA. It's close proximity to Washington, DC, was a threat to the security of the US capital and ensured that a long and costly struggle between these two cities.