Well, they don't always.
The advantage of the design of the helicopter is that it CAN take-off and land vertically and does not require a long runway. That allows it to delivery injured patients directly to the roof of a hospital.
Many helicopter are equipped with small wheels that allow it to taxi. This also allows them to take-off and land with some roll. When a helicopter is heavily loaded, it usually takes off by at an angle and not vertically. This also allows the pilot to watch for other traffic.
VTOL or Vertical Take Of and Landing was developed to provide access to any remote or space limited landing zone.
They have no need of runway because they can lift off vertically
1. Hover. 2. Take-off and land vertically. Although there are airplanes (such as the Harrier) which can do these things.
They can take off vertically and can hover over one spot. Traditional aircraft can not do that.
The can fly sideways or backwards; they can hover; they can take off or land vertically, so they don't need a runway. They make it easier for reporters to do traffic images.
Helicopters take off and land from a heliport, consisting of a landing pad (usually has an H on it) and a satellite.
A helipad
Vertical take off and set down for one Helicopters can hover.
heliport
Helicopters can take off from anywhere - runways, docks, building roofs, ship's decks. If it's a purpose-made spot it's usually called a helipad or a heliport.
They can land and take off almost anywhere.
Originally to take off and land where there were no runways.
Take off vertically, land vertically, and hover in mid-air