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Antacids neautralize the normal stomach acid causing the pH to rise. When pH in the stomach rises above 4, Pepsin (an ezyme that works to break down protein into smaller pieces so they can later be broken down into amino acids) is decreased or stops. And without pepsin the protein isn't broken down thus inhibiting protein digestion.
To understand this, you need to know that the digestion of proteins starts in the stomach with the help of digestive enzymes, mainly pepsin.

Pepsin is secreted in an inactive precursor form, called pepsinogen (this is to prevent the stomach cells that secrete pepsin from undergoing autodigestion.)

In the acidic environment of the stomach (pH <4), pepsinogen is cleaved to form pepsin.

Ingestion of antacids neutralize the acid, increasing the pH, leading to inability of pepsin to be formed, resulting in the reduced protein digestion.

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Q: How could the overuse of antacids inhibit protein digestion?
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