gravity
The gravity never goes to exactly zero. Off in the most distant galaxy we can see, the gravitational force of the Moon (or the Earth, or for that matter you) is not zero. It's immeasurably small, but it's not zero. However, there is a point directly between the Earth and the Moon where the gravity of the two exactly balance each other. At less than this distance from the Moon, the net force is towards the Moon; at more than this distance, the net force is towards the Earth. It is located where the mass of the Earth divided by the distance to Earth squared is equal to the mass of the Moon divided by the distance to the Moon squared. The exact distance of this point from the center of the Moon varies since the distance between the Earth and the Moon is not constant, but it's roughly 10% of the center-to-center distance between the Earth and the Moon.
Earth's temperatures are livable due to a combination of factors, including its distance from the sun, its atmosphere which helps regulate temperature, and the presence of water. These factors work together to create a stable climate that can support life as we know it.
When you say "high", I'm guessing you mean "above the Earth's surface". If that's true, then things weigh almost exactly the same up there as they do when they're down on the ground. The distance that affects the forces of gravity is the distance between the center of you and the center of the Earth. That distance doesn't change much when you move up 40 feet.
The pull of gravity on Earth is directly related to the mass of the Earth and the distance of an object from the Earth's center. The force of gravity decreases with increasing distance from the Earth's center but increases with greater mass.
The gravity at the Bermuda triangle is exactly the same as the rest of the earth, affected only by the phases of the moon, exactly the same as the rest of the earth.
No. Gravity does decrease in strength as distance from Earth decreases, but it never goes to zero. At a distance of about 1.5 million kilometers, however, Earth's gravity becomes negligible and the sun's gravity has a greater influence on the movement of objects.
Mars is not "livable". There are no planets in the solar system that are livable without artificial environments.
Earth-Moon GravityThe point at which the gravity of the Earth is counterbalanced by the gravity of the Moon is much closer to the Moon. The stronger gravity of Earth has a greater effect for any given distance.Independent GravityThe Earth's gravity is greater than the Moon's, so the Moon would have a lower escape velocity and a lower possible orbit, even neglecting the fact that it has no atmosphere. Gravity diminishes with distance, so the effective gravity at any given distance from the Moon will be much less than the effective gravity at that distance from the Earth.
Not to Earth life.
Earth is livable due to a combination of factors including its distance from the sun, presence of a protective atmosphere, abundance of liquid water, and suitable climate conditions. These factors create a stable environment that supports the existence of diverse life forms.
Not exactly. The Moon's gravity (together with the Sun's gravity) causes the tides on Earth.
Yes, gravity decreases with the square of the distance.