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Newton's Laws were dependent on an absolute convention of time such that two observers would always agree as to when a given amount of time has passed in reference to physical events. As such, his Second Law (force equals mass times acceleration) allows for a force to be applied to an object forever, allowing for continual acceleration and infinite speed.

Einstein's Theory of Relativity did away with these simplistic notions by claiming that time is relative to the observer's speed such that the faster that you are moving, the slower time appears to be moving. While Newton allowed for never ending acceleration to infinite velocity, Einstein capped velocity at a constant, the speed of light(3*108 m/s). This does not mean that that the force stops working once you reach this speed, but rather that you are always approaching but not reaching it. The closer you get to the speed of light, the less a force will actually increase change your velocity.

In addition, under Newtonian physics, mass and energy were related but distinct quantities, under Special Relativity, they are actually the same as described by the famous equation E=mc2. One way to think of this is that as an object goes faster and gains more energy, it is also gaining more mass, so the same force will cause it to accelerate less and less.

Despite how poorly Newtonian Laws describe the world as compared to Einstein's, they still have their place. Special Relativity only has a significant impact at speeds near the speed of light. As long as you are far away from such speeds, Newtonian Laws provide a sufficient enough model. They may not be as accurate, but the equations are so much more simple that the loss of exactness can be excused.

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9y ago
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13y ago

He didn't really modify it. The law of conservation of energy is still valid. What the Theory of Relativity did teach us is that there is an equivalence between mass and energy. Every mass has a related energy, every energy has a related mass. However, both the laws of conservation of mass, and the law of conservation of energy, still apply.

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13y ago

Einstein, changed the law to conservation of "mass-energy", recognizing that mass is converted to energy by E=mc2 .

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Q: How did Einstein modify the law of conservation of energy?
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