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Quite simply, if you import exclusively raw materials and export exclusively finished goods, the costs of finished goods will always exceed the costs of raw materials (because of the value-added in making the finished good) and therefore lead to a positive trade balance.

In addition, most mercantilist countries had set rates at which the raw materials had to be sold, which was at the bottom of reasonable value or below market value.

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Q: How did European nations maintain a positive balance of trade under mercantilism?
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