How did Julius Caesar bring order to rome?

Answer 1

Caesar brought order to Rome by winning the civil war he waged against the Roman senate and through the enormous popular support he enjoyed in the city of Rome.

Caesar first created disorder himself by waging war on the Roman senate, starting the Great Roman Civil War also known as Caesar's civil War, which lasted five years (49-45 BC) Caesar gained control of the city of Rome in 49 BC for three reasons. The Pompey, the commander of the forces of the senate, fled to Greece; Caesar undertook an expedition to Spain where he defeated the bulk of Pompey's troops, which had been stationed; Caesar was very popular with the middle and lower classes of Rome, which provided the foundation of his power there. However, this did not lead to control of the whole of the Roman territories. Pompey had gathered support in the Roman provinces in the eastern Mediterranean.

In 48 BC Caesar sailed to Albania and was nearly defeated by Pompey there. He then defeated him at the Battle of Pharsalus (Greece). Caesar also sported Cleopatra during a civil war in Egypt between her and her two siblings, Ptolemy XXII and Arsinoe. Cleopatra became his lover and ally. This still was not the end of the civil war. The forces opposed to Caesar gathered in Tunisia and he had to sail for Africa. He defeated them at the Battle of Ruspina and the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BC. The remnants of the resistance then gathered in Spain and Caesar had to set off to Spain again where he won the Battle of Munda (45 BC) which was the final battle of the war. It was only then that Caesar was in control of the whole of the Roman territories. However, one year later, he was assassinated.

The reason why Caesar was tremendously popular with the middle and lower classes of Rome was that he was a popularis. The populares (plural) were a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and tried to introduce reforms to help them. It was opposed by the optimates, a conservative political faction which favoured the aristocracy and opposed reforms. The power base of the optimates was the senate. The optimates were unpopular with the masses because they opposed reform and were the representatives of an aristocracy which was seen as corrupt. Caesar was seen as the hero of ordinary people and the poor. To them he stood up to the senate. Caesar implemented an agrarian reform which redistributed land to the poor. He issued a debt restructuring law, which eliminated about a fourth of all debts owed. He abolished a corrupt tax system which tendered tax collection to private individuals who "farmed" tax collection to line their pockets. He reverted to an earlier system which allowed cities to collect the taxes themselves. He gave greater legal rights to the conquered peoples. He also donated money to the poor.

Through this popularity Caesar was appointed dictator four times. In 49 BC he used this office to preside his election as consul (one of the two annually elected heads of the Republic) and resigned after 17 days