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What factors helped spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe?
The rise of the public sphere and public opinion. The growth of a print culture and literary market. The breakdown of abolitionist politics. The rise of coffee houses, clubs, social gatherings.
The economic revolution that took place in the middle ages was a result of the what?
One economic revolution of the Middle Ages was the rise of banking, which resulted in large part from the destruction of the Knights Templar.
What was a result of the Commercial Revolution?
expansion of European influence overseas Rise to power of European nations bordering on the Atlantic
Agriculture revolution transformation to commercial revolution in middle ages?
agriculture: The Rise of Commercial Agriculture As the Middle Ages waned, increasing communications, the commercial revolution, and the rise of cities in Western Europe tended to turn agriculture away from subsistence farming toward the growing of crops for sale outside the community (commercial agriculture). In Britain the practice of inclosure allowed landlords to set aside plots of land, formerly subject to common rights, for intensive cropping or fenced pasturage, leading to efficient production of single crops. In the 16th and 17th cent. horticulture was greatly developed and contributed to the so-called agricultural revolution.
What is the Age of Enlightenment and what countries did it affect?
The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a period which includes the Age of Reason. The term also more specifically refers to a historical intellectual movement, "The Enlightenment." This movement advocated rationality as a means to establish an authoritative system of ethics, aesthetics, and knowledge. The intellectual leaders of this movement regarded themselves as courageous and elite, and regarded their purpose as leading the world toward progress and out of a long period of doubtful tradition, full of irrationality, superstition, and tyranny (which they believed began during a historical period they called the "Dark Ages"). This movement also provided a framework for the American and French Revolution, the Latin American independence movement, and the Polish Constitution of May 3, and also led to the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism, liberalism and fascism. It is matched by the high baroque and classical eras in music, and the neo-classical period in the arts, and receives contemporary application in the unity of science movement which includes logical positivism. Another important movement in 18th century philosophy, which was closely related to it, was characterized by a focus on belief and piety. Some of its proponents attempted to use rationalism to demonstrate the existence of a supreme being. In this period, piety and belief were integral parts in the exploration of natural philosophy and ethics in addition to political theories of the age. However, prominent Enlightenment philosophers such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and David Hume questioned and attacked the existing institutions of both Church and State. The 18th century also saw a continued rise of empirical philosophical ideas, and their application to political economy, government and sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology. According to scholarly opinion , the Enlightenment was preceded by the Age of Reason (if thought of as a short period) or by the Renaissance and the Reformation (if thought of as a long period). It was followed by Romanticism.
Which intellectural movement provided the philosophical background for the American and french revolution?
The American Enlightenment contributed to the rise of the American Revolution. It was influenced by the European Enlightenment, applying scientific reasoning to politics, science and religion. It promoted religious tolerance, restored literature, art and music as important areas of study.
How did scientists before scientific revolution do their work?
Before the scientific revolution scientists would do mostly observations. These observations are what lead to the rise of patterns and the need for the scientific revolution.
How did scientist before the scientific revolution do their work?
Before the scientific revolution scientists would do mostly observations. These observations are what lead to the rise of patterns and the need for the scientific revolution.
How did the achievements of scientific revolution contributed to the enlightenment?
The scientific history of the Age of Enlightenment traces developments in science and technology during the Age of Reason, when Enlightenment ideas and ideals were being disseminated across Europe and North America. Generally, the period spans from the final days of the sixteenth and seventeenth-century Scientific revolution until roughly the nineteenth century, after the French Revolution (1789) and the Napoleonic era (1799-1815). The scientific revolution saw the creation of the first scientific societies, the rise of Copernicanism, and the displacement of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Galen's ancient medical doctrine. By the eighteenth century, scientific authority began to displace religious authority, and the disciplines of alchemy and Astrology lost scientific credibility. While the Enlightenment cannot be pigeonholed into a specific doctrine or set of dogmas, science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had a background in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of the development of free speech and thought. Broadly speaking, Enlightenment science greatly valued empiricism and rational thought, and was embedded with the Enlightenment ideal of advancement and progress
How did the achievements of the scientific revolution contributed to the enlightenment?
The scientific history of the Age of Enlightenment traces developments in science and technology during the Age of Reason, when Enlightenment ideas and ideals were being disseminated across Europe and North America. Generally, the period spans from the final days of the sixteenth and seventeenth-century Scientific revolution until roughly the nineteenth century, after the French Revolution (1789) and the Napoleonic era (1799-1815). The scientific revolution saw the creation of the first scientific societies, the rise of Copernicanism, and the displacement of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Galen's ancient medical doctrine. By the eighteenth century, scientific authority began to displace religious authority, and the disciplines of alchemy and Astrology lost scientific credibility. While the Enlightenment cannot be pigeonholed into a specific doctrine or set of dogmas, science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had a background in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of the development of free speech and thought. Broadly speaking, Enlightenment science greatly valued empiricism and rational thought, and was embedded with the Enlightenment ideal of advancement and progress
How did the achievements of scientific revolution contribute to the enlightenment?
The scientific history of the Age of Enlightenment traces developments in science and technology during the Age of Reason, when Enlightenment ideas and ideals were being disseminated across Europe and North America. Generally, the period spans from the final days of the sixteenth and seventeenth-century Scientific revolution until roughly the nineteenth century, after the French Revolution (1789) and the Napoleonic era (1799-1815). The scientific revolution saw the creation of the first scientific societies, the rise of Copernicanism, and the displacement of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Galen's ancient medical doctrine. By the eighteenth century, scientific authority began to displace religious authority, and the disciplines of alchemy and Astrology lost scientific credibility. While the Enlightenment cannot be pigeonholed into a specific doctrine or set of dogmas, science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had a background in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of the development of free speech and thought. Broadly speaking, Enlightenment science greatly valued empiricism and rational thought, and was embedded with the Enlightenment ideal of advancement and progress
How did scientists before the scientists revolution do their work?
Before the scientific revolution scientists would do mostly observations. These observations are what lead to the rise of patterns and the need for the scientific revolution.
How did scientist before the scientist revolution do their work?
Before the scientific revolution scientists would do mostly observations. These observations are what lead to the rise of patterns and the need for the scientific revolution.
What major historical events shaped the discipline of sociology?
Major historical events that shaped the discipline of sociology include the Industrial Revolution, which led to social changes and increased urbanization; the French and American Revolutions, which emphasized concepts of equality and individual rights; and the Enlightenment period, which promoted reason and the scientific method. These events contributed to the emergence of sociological thinking and the study of society as a distinct field of inquiry.
The General Will theory of which enlightenment thinker influenced the French Revolution and the rise of modern totalitarianism?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
How did the success of the Scientific Revolution influence Enlightenment thinkers?
It help people realize that the things that they had always been told to believe in can be questioned, and proven to be wrong. From the examples of Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus, Italian philosophers realized that they could think for themselves. The Scientific Revolution helped pave a way for Enlightenment thinkers. Ever since Newton explained the laws governing nature by using reason, people admired him. People started to look for laws governing human behavior as well. They wanted to apply reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society (government, religion, economics, and education).
What did the American revolution give rise to as far as its citizens were concerned?
the working class
